冷季不同饲养方式对牦牛生长性能及脂肪沉积的影响  

Effects of different feeding methods on growth performance and fat deposition of yaks during the cold season

作　　者：靳生伟 孙永刚[1,2] 祁增源 周建强 韩银仓 JIN Shengwei;SUN Yonggang;QI Zengyuan;ZHOU Jianqiang;HAN Yincang(Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第16期104-108,119,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2023-NK-X02;2023-NK-P50;2024-NK-109)。

摘　　要：为研究冷季不同饲养方式(自然放牧与异地舍饲育肥)对青海高原型牦牛生长性能及脂肪沉积的影响,试验将9头18月龄、自然放牧、体重相近[(142.45±2.65) kg]的公牦牛随机分为3组,分别为18月龄放牧组、24月龄放牧组和24月龄异地舍饲育肥组,每组3头,18月龄放牧组于试验开始前屠宰,24月龄放牧组继续随原群体进行自然放牧(海拔为3 500 m),24月龄异地舍饲育肥组于低海拔(海拔为2 200 m)进行异地舍饲育肥,试验时间为2020年10月1日至2021年3月31日。试验开始后每月最后一天测定并记录24月龄放牧组和24月龄异地舍饲育肥组的空腹体重,并根据初重和末重计算总增重及平均日增重;各组屠宰前于颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清中的瘦素质量浓度,脂蛋白酯酶、脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性及激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度;取背部皮下脂肪,固定后制作石蜡切片,并进行苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,测定脂肪细胞形态参数(脂肪细胞长径、短径、平均直径和密度)。结果表明:24月龄异地舍饲育肥组末重、总增重和平均日增重均极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01)。24月龄异地舍饲育肥组血清中瘦素质量浓度及脂蛋白酯酶、脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01),激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度极显著低于其他两组(P<0.01);18月龄放牧组瘦素质量浓度及脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01),脂蛋白酯酶活性和激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。24月龄异地舍饲育肥组背部皮下脂肪细胞长径、短径和平均直径显著或极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01或P<0.05),脂肪细胞密度极显著低于其他两组(P<0.01);18月龄放牧组背部皮下脂肪细胞长径和平均直径显著或极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01或P<0.05),脂肪细胞密度极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01)�In order to study the effects of different feeding methods(natural grazing and off-site house fattening) on the growth performance and fat deposition of Qinghai Plateau-type yaks during the cold season, in the experiment, nine male yaks with similar weight([142.45±2.65] kg) at 18 months of age were randomly divided into three groups, namely, 18-month-old grazing group, 24-month-old grazing group and 24-month-old off-site house fattening group, with three yaks in each group. The 18-month-old grazing group was slaughtered before the beginning of the experiment;the 24-month-old grazing group continued to graze naturally with the original group(the altitude was 3 500 m);the 24-month-old off-site house fattening group was fattened by off-site house fattening at a low altitude(the altitude was 2 200 m);the trial time was from October 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. Fasting weights of the 24-month-old grazing and 24-month-old off-site house fattening group were measured and recorded on the last day of each month after the start of the experiment, and total and average daily weight gain were calculated based on the first and last weights. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of each group before slaughter, and the serum was isolated to determine the lipid metabolism enzymes in the serum(concentration of leptin mass, activity of lipoprotein esterase, fatty acid synthetase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and concentration of hormone-sensitive adiponectin mass). Dorsal subcutaneous fat was taken, fixed and paraffin sections were prepared, stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H.E.), and adipocyte morphometric parameters(adipocyte long diameter, short diameter, mean diameter and density) were determined. The results showed that the end weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain of the 24-month-old off-site house fattening group were extremely significantly higher than those of the 24-month-old grazing group(P<0.01). Serum lean mass concentration and activities of lipoprotein esterase, fatty acid synthase and acetyl co

关 键 词：冷季 牦牛 放牧 异地舍饲育肥 脂肪沉积 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]