氢气爆炸事故下溶液堆系统结构安全评估  

Structural Safety Assessment of Solution Reactor under Hydrogen Explosion Accident

作　　者：李柄锦 熊夫睿[1] 袁志豪 王新军[1] 孙英学[1] 刘锐 LI Bingjin;XIONG Furui;YUAN Zhihao;WANG Xinjun;SUN Yingxue;LIU Rui(National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 102442,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆技术全国重点实验室,四川成都610213 [2]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京102442

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2024年第S01期87-95,共9页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：中核集团“青年英才”项目。

摘　　要：溶液堆在运行过程中持续产生氢气,存在氢气爆炸风险。氢气爆炸事故下放射性包容边界的结构安全问题受到设计方和安全审查方的高度关注。本文建立了从氢气爆炸载荷模拟到结构力学响应分析的化-热-力耦合完整分析流程,以我国正在研发的医用同位素试验堆为对象开展了氢气爆炸事故下的结构安全评估。基于计算流体动力学方法和燃烧模型建立了氢气爆炸数值模拟控制方程,针对溶液堆系统结构特点分别开展了容器和管道结构中氢气爆炸试验验证计算;以溶液堆系统为对象建立了实尺寸数值计算模型,开展了不同点火位置下氢气爆炸载荷环境模拟;进一步地,开展了氢气爆炸热力载荷作用下结构力学响应分析和评价。结果表明:所建立的氢气爆炸数值模拟方法能够较好地模拟氢气爆炸载荷特征,适用于溶液堆系统;当溶液堆系统内部发生氢气爆炸时,放射性包容边界内部会产生明显的超压和高温,在管道端头点火导致的氢气爆炸危害性更大;在氢气爆炸热力载荷作用下,溶液堆能够保证结构安全。本文研究思路和成果为保障溶液堆系统结构安全提供技术支撑。The risk of hydrogen explosion accident in solution reactor system is high,because both hydrogen and oxygen are released simultaneously from the solution reactor vessel during normal operation.Once hydrogen explosion accident occurs,the overpressure and temperature loads induced by explosion could threaten the integrity and security of radioactive containment boundary.Thus,the structural safety assessment in the event of a hydrogen explosion accident is a key question,which is highly concerned by both designers and nuclear safety reviewers.In this paper,a multi-subject coupling analytical process of structural safety assessment under hydrogen explosive load was presented,which considered chemistry,thermodynamics and mechanics,and this multi-subject coupling analytical process was applied to the structural safety assessment of solution reactor system successfully.Firstly,the governing equation numerical simulation was built up based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method and combustion model to simulate hydrogen explosion behaviors.Considering the solution reactor system consisted of vessel and pipelines,the hydrogen explosion behavior in a narrow channel experiment and in a large-scaled vessel experiment was simulated respectively,and the numerical simulation results,such as overpressure and flame front speed,were compared with experimental data to verify the reasonableness and accuracy of numerical simulation method.Then,the authors established the full-scaled numerical model of solution reactor system and simulated the overpressure and temperature rise in the event of a hydrogen explosion accident,using the numerical method above.The initial hydrogen volume concentration,pressure and temperature derived from accident analysis,two ignition positions(the outlet of reactor vessel and the end of pipeline)were taken into account.Furtherly,the overpressure and temperature induced by hydrogen explosion were applied to the radioactive containment boundary,and the structural dynamic response of solution reactor unde

关 键 词：溶液堆 氢气爆炸 计算流体动力学 安全评估 

分 类 号：TL353[核科学技术—核技术及应用]