聚变能源研究态势及展望  

Fusion Energy Research Situation and Prospect

作　　者：彭先觉 高翔[3] 李建刚 刘永[4] 邓建军 李正宏[6] 周良骥[5] 师学明[2] Peng Xianjue;Gao Xiang;Li Jiangang;Liu Yong;Deng Jianjun;Li Zhenghong;Zhou Liangji;Shi Xueming(Tianfu Innovation Energy Establishment,Chengdu 610213,China;Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics,Beijing 100088,China;Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Southwestern Institute of Physics,Chengdu 610213,China;Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,Sichuan,China;Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]天府创新能源研究院,成都610213 [2]北京应用物理与计算数学研究所,北京100088 [3]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031 [4]核工业西南物理研究院,成都610213 [5]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,四川绵阳621900 [6]中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第4期190-197,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“推动能源强国建设战略研究”(2022-PP-03)。

摘　　要：聚变能源开发有望重塑未来能源发展格局,正处于突破工程能量“得失相当”的关键阶段,机遇与挑战并存。本文总结了聚变能源研究的主要进展,凝练了能量平衡尚未实现、氚自持尚未得到验证、实现高可利用率难度极高、耐辐照材料开发进展缓慢、使用经济性普遍较差等发展挑战。在梳理国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)计划的共性基础技术突破、成员国配套研究的基础上,归纳了我国磁约束聚变研究的整体规划、自主项目部署、技术路线跟踪等方面的进展。进一步,围绕我国自主提出的Z箍缩聚变裂变混合堆(Z-FFR)概念,阐述了基本原理、应用优势、系列进展,提出了面向2040年实现商业化供能目标的发展规划,涵盖关键技术攻关、工程演示、商业发电推广等阶段的任务目标。为了全面推进我国聚变能源开发进程,建议在磁约束聚变方面深入参与ITER计划和相关国际合作,攻克商用聚变堆关键物理与工程技术,开展中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)主机关键部件研发并适时建设和运营CFETR;在Z-FFR方面,加快“电磁驱动大科学装置”建设,开展聚变能源关键技术攻关,推进Z-FFR工程演示和商业应用。It is expected that fusion energy development,which is at a critical stage of breaking through energy break-even in the engineering sense,has the potential to reshape the future pattern of energy development with both opportunities and challenges.This study reviews the main progress of fusion energy research and summarizes the major challenges regarding energy balance,tritium selfsustainability,high availability,development of irradiation-resistant materials,and economical efficiency in general sense.On the basis of sorting out the common basic technology breakthroughs of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)program and the supporting research activities of its member states,the study summarizes the progress of China’s magnetic confinement fusion research in terms of overall planning,self-developed projects,and technical tracking.Furthermore,focusing on the Z-pinch-driven fusion-fission hybrid reactor(Z-FFR)concept,which is independently proposed by China,this study elaborates on the basic principles,application advantages,and series of progresses,and proposes a development plan toward commercial energy supply by 2040,covering the task objectives in the stages of key technology campaign,engineering demonstration,and promotion of commercial power generation.To comprehensively promote China’s fusion energy development,several suggestions are given.In the magnetic confinement fusion area,it is suggest that China deeply participate in the ITER program and relevant international cooperation,overcome key physics and engineering technologies of commercial fusion reactors,promote the research and development of key components of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)device,and construct and operate CFETR in due course.In the Z-FFR area,it is of first priority to start the construction of electromagnetic-driven large-scale scientific devices the soonest possible,develop key technologies for fusion energy,and promote both engineering demonstrations and commercial projects in proper time.

关 键 词：聚变能源 磁约束聚变 中国聚变工程实验堆 Z箍缩聚变裂变混合堆 商业化供能 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]