上海黄浦江水系常见鱼类重金属含量及健康风险评价  

Heavy Metal Content and Health Risk Assessment of Common Fish in the Huangpu River System

作　　者：张亚[1,2] 唐振 郭弘艺 唐文乔[1,3] ZHANG Ya;TANG Zhen;GUO Hongyi;TANG Wenqiao(Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306 [2]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]水产种质资源发掘与利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第4期153-165,共13页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：上海市生态环境局骨干河道鱼类群落调查专项(2021);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900802)。

摘　　要：黄浦江是兼具饮用水源、航运、排洪排涝、渔业、旅游等功能的上海“母亲河”,鱼类资源丰富。为了解黄浦江水系鱼类重金属污染状况,测定了黄浦江水系15种优势鱼类和主要经济鱼类肌肉中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的含量。结果表明,除As外,所有鱼体中的重金属含量均低于国家标准限值或农业行业标准限值。综合污染指数分析结果显示:淀山湖水域翘嘴鲌、大鳍■为重金属中度污染(2.03.0);苏州河水域翘嘴鲌、兴凯■为中度污染,大鳍■为重度污染。健康风险分析结果显示,除As外,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、Mn等的健康风险指数均小于1,对人群的健康风险不显著。复合重金属危害系数(TTHQ)分析结果显示:黄浦江水域似鳊的TTHQ值为0.957;苏州河水域光泽黄颡鱼、刀鲚、似鳊、翘嘴鲌、■、大鳍■、日本鳗鲡、兴凯■的TTHQ值均大于1;淀山湖水域泥鳅的TTHQ值接近1,翘嘴鲌、黄颡鱼、■、大鳍■的TTHQ值大于1。以上鱼类均存在复合重金属健康风险。目前,淀山湖水域仍有专业渔民开展捕捞作业,因此,应对当地居民重金属健康风险作长期监测。The Huangpu River is the mother river of Shanghai with functions such as drinking water source,shipping,flood and waterlogging drainage,fishing and tourism,and is rich in fish resources.In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metals in fish in the Huangpu River system,the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Fe,Mn,As and Hg in the muscles of 15 dominant fishes were determined based on the fish captured with the special investigation of fish communities.The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in all fish samples in the Huangpu River,Dianshan Lake and Suzhou River were lower than the national standard except As.The comprehensive pollution index shows that Culter alburnus and Acheilognathus macropterus were moderately polluted(2.0<P≤3.0),and Hemiculter leucisculus was severely polluted(P>3.0)in the Dianshan Lake.In the section of Suzhou River,Culter alburnus and Acheilognathus chankaensis were moderately polluted,and Acheilognathus macropterus was heavily polluted.In addition to As,the health risk index of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Hg and Mn was less than 1,and the health risk to the population was not obvious.The total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)showed that the Pseudobrama simoni in the Huangpu River,the Pelteobagrus nitidus,Coilia ectenes,Pseudobrama simoni,Culter alburnus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Acheilognathus macropterus,Anguilla japonica and Acheilognathus chankaens in the Suzhou River,the Culter alburnus,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Hemiculter leucisculus and Acheilognathus macropterus in Dianshan Lake were greater than or close to 1,there might be a relatively higher risk for dietary health.There are still strong fishing activity in Dianshan Lake after the fishing ban period,which has potential risk of heavy metal enrichment,so long-term monitoring should be carried out.

关 键 词：黄浦江 苏州河 淀山湖 鱼类重金属污染 人类健康风险 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]