西南丘陵地区水田湿地磷污染的“源-汇”效应研究  

Study on the Effect of Paddy Field Wetland on the Prevention and Control of Phosphorus Non-point Source Pollution in the Southwest Hilly Area

作　　者：王国泰 蒋琼华 何国军 敖亮 黄凌悦 范围 樊卫国 WANG Guotai;JIANG Qionghua;HE Guojun;AO Liang;HUANG Lingyue;FAN Wei;FAN Weiguo(Southwest Branch of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Chongqing Academy of Ecology and Environment Sciences,Chongqing 401147,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County,Chongqing 409600,China;Chongqing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院西南分院,重庆市生态环境科学研究院,重庆401147 [2]彭水苗族土家族自治县生态环境监测站,重庆409600 [3]重庆市生态环境监测中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第4期213-219,共7页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2020jxjl20003)。

摘　　要：以重庆市大足区典型水田为研究对象,在冬水田-水稻种植模式下,探究水田湿地的面源污染“源-汇”效应及磷拦截效果。在施肥期(3—5月)、生长期(6—9月)及冬水田期(10—12月及次年1—2月)开展水田田面水和淋溶水磷素浓度原位观测,结果显示:在施肥期,田面水和淋溶水中的磷素浓度大幅度升高,总磷平均浓度分别为0.20 mg/L和0.12 mg/L,易产生面源污染。在生长期,田面水中的磷素浓度保持较高水平,总磷平均浓度为0.18 mg/L。此时,田面水流失是面源污染的“源”。在生长期,淋溶水中的磷素浓度特别是溶解态总磷浓度呈下降趋势,总磷、溶解态总磷平均浓度分别为0.07、0.02 mg/L。此时,增加水田蓄水量,将田面水转化为淋溶水,能有效控制溶解态总磷的流失。在冬水田期,田面水和淋溶水中的磷素浓度较低,总磷平均浓度分别为0.09 mg/L和0.03 mg/L。此时,水田成为面源污染的“汇”。因此,在西南丘陵地区,推广开展冬水田蓄积工程建设能起到控制农业面源污染的作用。This study took the typical paddy fields in Dazu disctrict of Chongqing as the research object,aiming to explore the“source”and“sink”effects of non-point source pollution and the phosphorus interception effect under the winter paddy field-rice planting mode.In-situ observations of the phosphorus concentration in the surface water and leachate of paddy fields were conducted during the fertilization period(March to May),the growing period(June to September),and the winter paddy field period(October to February of the following year).The results showed that the phosphorus concentration in the surface water and leachate during the fertilization period increased significantly,with average total phosphorus concentrations of 0.20 and 0.12 mg/L,respectively,which easily caused non-point source pollution.The phosphorus concentration in the surface water during the growing period remained at a high level,with an average total phosphorus concentration of 0.18 mg/L,while the phosphorus concentration in the leachate,especially the dissolved total phosphorus,showed a decreasing trend,with concentrations of 0.07 and 0.02 mg/L for total phosphorus and dissolved total phosphorus,respectively.The loss of surface water was the“source”of pollution,increasing the water storage capacity of paddy fields and transforming surface water into leachate could effectively control the loss of dissolved total phosphorus.During the winter paddy field period,the phosphorus concentration in the surface water and leachate was relatively low,with average total phosphorus concentrations of 0.09 and 0.03 mg/L,respectively,and the paddy fields became the“sink”of pollution.Therefore,promoting winter paddy fields for retention can play a role in controlling non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：水田 磷 面源污染 控制雨量 淋溶水 田面水 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]