夏季高温期三倍体和二倍体长牡蛎生理能量学及碳收支的比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Feeding Metabolism and Carbon Budget of the Triploid and Diploid Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

作　　者：李伟伟 姜娓娓[2] 蒋增杰[2,3] 张凯 万东杰 石亚洲[2] 王玮欣 张义涛 LI Weiwei;JIANG Weiwei;JIANG Zengjie;ZHANG Kai;WAN Dongjie;SHI Yazhou;WANG Weixin;ZHANG Yitao(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Key Laboratory of Carbon Sink Fisheries,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266071,China;Rongcheng Chudao Aquaculture Corporation,Rongcheng 264312,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所中国水产科学研究院碳汇渔业重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]荣成楮岛水产有限公司,山东荣成264312

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第4期125-134,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42376151);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202204004);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD54);山东省“泰山学者青年专家计划”(tsqn201909166);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-49)共同资助。

摘　　要：为解析夏季高温期三倍体与二倍体长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)摄食和代谢生理以及能量/碳分配策略的差异,于2022年8月,以三倍体和二倍体长牡蛎为研究对象,在山东荣成桑沟湾采用现场流水法测定滤水率、吸收效率、耗氧率、排氨率等摄食和代谢相关生理参数,并基于能量收支方程估算能量分配与碳分配情况。结果显示,三倍体长牡蛎的滤水率、同化效率均高于二倍体长牡蛎,但无显著差异(P>0.05);三倍体与二倍体长牡蛎的耗氧率、排氨率存在显著差异(P<0.05),三倍体长牡蛎的耗氧率显著低于二倍体长牡蛎(P<0.05),但排氨率显著高于二倍体长牡蛎(P<0.01)。能量收支与碳收支的结果显示,三倍体长牡蛎的摄食能/碳、同化能/碳均高于二倍体长牡蛎,但无显著差异(P>0.05);三倍体与二倍体长牡蛎的呼吸能/碳、排泄能/碳、生长余力存在显著差异(P<0.05),三倍体长牡蛎的呼吸能/碳显著低于二倍体长牡蛎(P<0.05),但排泄能/碳、生长余力显著高于二倍体长牡蛎(P<0.05)。三倍体和二倍体长牡蛎的氧氮比波动范围分别为7.91~14.11和59.81~94.19,因此,三倍体长牡蛎的主要供能物质为蛋白质,二倍体长牡蛎的主要供能物质为糖类和脂肪。研究结果为揭示夏季高温期长牡蛎倍性效应关联的能量分配方式差异提供了数据支撑。Crassostrea gigas,also known as Pacific oysters,are economic shellfish with the widest range of cultivation,the highest yield in the world,and the most important type of mariculture shellfish in China.However,many C.gigas have died during summer in coastal areas worldwide in recent decades.In 2008,the mortality rate of C.gigas cultured in France reached 40%–100%.In 2009,the mortality rate of C.gigas in some area of Sanggou Bay reached 51%.In 2019,the mortality rate of the Rushan area reached 50%–90%,with the death peak occurring in middle and late August.There were many reasons for the large-scale death of C.gigas,such as temperature,dissolved oxygen,salinity,disease,food availability,and reproduction levels,among which high temperature was the most important abiotic stress factor.The high temperature in summer disturbed the enzyme metabolism of C.gigas,resulting in slow or impeded growth.Furthermore,the reproduction and spawning of C.gigas caused a large amount of protein consumption,and physical weakness combined with high-temperature stress induced many deaths.Therefore,considering the problems faced by C.gigas culture during high summer temperatures,the introduction of new varieties will increase the economic benefits to the industry.Due to its high sterility,triploid C.gigas has attributes such as a fast growth rate,resilience excellent economic characteristics,and high energy conversion efficiency.In recent years,a certain farmed scale has formed in China,especially in northern coastal areas.There have been many studies on the biological and physiological differences between triploid and diploid C.gigas worldwide,mainly focusing on the differences in growth characteristics,soft tissue components,gonadal development,disease resistance,and gill structure.However,comparisons between triploid and diploid C.gigas feeding,metabolic physiology,energy budget,and carbon budget have not been reported.Focusing on the specific period of high temperatures in summer,this study investigated the feeding and metabolic p

关 键 词：长牡蛎 三倍体 二倍体 夏季高温 生理能量学 

分 类 号：S967[农业科学—水产养殖]