民国时期广州水上文化景观——游船河的景观特征  

Aquatic Cultural Landscape in Guangzhou during the Republic of China Period:Landscape Features of River Cruise

作　　者：许自力 李舒丽 张坤月 XU Zili;LI Shuli;ZHANG Kunyue

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院风景园林系,亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室,广州市景观建筑重点实验室

出　　处：《南方建筑》2024年第8期49-58,共10页South Architecture

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2024年度学科共建项目(GD24XSH10);粤港澳大湾区水上文化景观特征与保护研究。

摘　　要：游船河是一种地域性生活方式,也是一种水上文化景观,是老广州文化景观中地域特色最为突出的部分,民国时期,广州的游船河文化景观达到了最繁盛的阶段。在分析游船河景观的自然及文化背景基础上,以文化景观的研究视角和技术方法,梳理了民国时期游船河景观的活动类型——水上娱乐、水上饮食和水上商业,以及游船河的空间载体——船艇的类型;分析了这种存在于水上的动态文化景观以白鹅潭与西关湿地河网区为中心,沿外江及内河延伸扩散的时空分布情况,进而总结提炼了其自然地理特征、社会时代特征和地域文化特征。自然地理特征突出体现在潮涨潮落、岭南水枝两方面;社会时代特征体现在新旧交替、重商崇洋等方面;地域文化特征则重点表现在滨水建筑特色、世俗性与享乐性、中西杂糅的文化样态等三方面。The aquatic cultural landscape,a cultural landscape type with profound regional characteristics in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay,has been under-researched and underappreciated.As a preliminary exploration of the overall structure,the landscapes of River Cruise in Old Guangzhou during the Republic of China period—a typical aquatic cultural landscape in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay—were analyzed comprehensively.The types,distributions,and cultural landscape features were summarized,and the spatial and temporal pictures of typical aquatic cultural landscapes in key areas were built.Research results provide basic data samples and theoretical support to protect and develop the aquatic cultural landscape in Guangzhou and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay.From a cultural landscape research perspective,this study uses the spatial annotation method and focuses on the cultural landscape of the River Cruise in Guangzhou during the Republic of China.Poems,newspaper reports,historical images,and other data were collected and analyzed.The activity types,spatial carriers,and spatiotemporal distribution of River Cruise were reviewed systematically,and spatial annotation was provided.The water routes and spatial zoning of the River Cruise cultural landscapes during the Republic of China were acquired.The regional landscape features of River Cruise were summarized by analyzing typical spatial nodes,natural geography,social era,and regional culture.The three key findings are:(1)The traditional River Cruise cultural landscapes can be summarized into three basic activity types:water entertainment,water cuisine,and water commerce.(2)During the Republic of China period,boats on the River Cruise in Guangzhou were mainly high-end boats like"Zidong Boats,""Yangban Boats,"appropriate for middle-class consumption,"Dading"with a small volume and simple structure and roof,and"Tangweizai"and"Shanban"with simple structure and no roof.The River Cruise is mainly distributed out of Guangzhou's city wall.It centers at t

关 键 词：广州 水上文化景观 游船河 景观特征 

分 类 号：TU986.43[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]