中国20世纪建筑遗产时空分布特征及影响因素  

The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Architectural Heritage in the 20th Century in China

作　　者：刘建军[1] 刘思睿 马铭岐 刁小明 LIU Jianjun;LIU Sirui;MA Mingqi;DIAO Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 [2]山东省建筑设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《南方建筑》2024年第8期88-97,共10页South Architecture

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(23YJAZH196):基于主动式健康干预的城市老旧街区亲生物性公共空间更新研究。

摘　　要：以8批共计798项中国20世纪建筑遗产为研究对象,借助ArcGIS工具中的平均最近邻、核密度估计、标准差椭圆和平均中心方法对其时空分布特征进行探究,并从发生学角度出发对影响因素定性分析,结果表明:(1)省域层面总体呈现“一极多核、东密西疏”的高度集聚分布,市域层面遗产数量呈现“金字塔式”分布,且城市间遗产数量呈现“断崖式”差异,总体呈现“大分散、小集中”。(2)纪念建筑、教育建筑、工业建筑等遗产类别形成了4个主要聚集区和2条聚集带,此外,集聚、离散和随机的总体分布模式在不同类型中出现。(3)时间分布呈现跨度长、历史延续性强且阶段性显著,各时期分布较均衡,遗产总数上表现为增长→波动→减少,且分布中心呈现出西南→西北→东南方向的迁移。主要类型演变过程分为减少→增加、波动增加、持续减少等6种情况。(4)地形地势、人口密度、历史事件等因素与遗产空间分布密切相关,且历史事件对主要聚集区带的形成发挥了关键作用。依据研究结果,提出了相对具体的构建叙事性遗产区系和廊道的思路,并整合形成“20世纪中国发展史”主题文旅教育参观路线。Existing studies on architectural heritage in the 20th century are mainly based on the meso and micro static perspectives and emphasize the evaluation,protection,and utilization of an architectural type as well as the value cognition and renewal mode of heritage in provincial and city ranges.However,these studies ignore the internal correlation of heritage in different administrative zones and the objective laws of heritage development in different periods.To enhance the stability and tenacity of the cultural heritage system and integrate heritage resources to achieve higher-efficiency revitalization and use,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of eight 20th-century groups(798 architectural heritage projects)and influencing factors were discussed from the macro perspective,using the ArcGIS10.8 software based on built period and function classification.Specifically,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed by kernel density estimation,standard deviation ellipse,average nearest neighborhood,and other methods.The causes of the distribution pattern were determined through a qualitative analysis after the superposition of relevant elements and heritage distribution.The results show that:(1)the geographical spatial distribution characteristics on the provincial level generally present a highconcentration distribution of"one pole,multiple nuclei,high density in east and low density in the west."On the city level,heritage quantity presents the"pyramidal"distribution,accompanied with"cliff-like"differences among different cities.It is generally characteristic of"disperse in large cities and concentration in small cities."(2)The type of spatial distribution characteristics of memorial buildings,cultural buildings,industrial buildings,and others formed four clusters(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Aggregation Area,Suzhou-Zhejiang-Shanghai Aggregation Area,Guangdong Aggregation Area,Yu-Exiang Aggregation Area)and two corridors(Heiji-Liao-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Jin-Yu-Shaan-Chongqing Aggregatio

关 键 词：中国20世纪建筑遗产 时空分布特征 影响因素 聚集区 聚集带 

分 类 号：TU-098.1[建筑科学—建筑理论]