数字政府影响收入差距的U型模式:来自全球的证据  

The U-shaped Impact of Digital Government Development on Income Inequality:Global Evidence

作　　者：徐现祥[1,2] 周荃 葛尔奇 陈希路 XU Xianxiang;ZHOU Quan;GE Erqi;CHEN Xilu(Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University;Institute of Mezzoeconomics)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,528400 [2]中山大学中观经济学与区域产业协同发展重点实验室,528400

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2024年第7期50-71,共22页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD071);深圳市建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区研究中心重大课题“深圳优化高质量发展营商环境研究”(SFQZD2403);教育部青年人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC790029);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72303255)的资助。

摘　　要：本文系统讨论了数字政府建设对收入差距的影响。理论上,数字政府建设会因企业获取政务服务能力的差异而对收入差距产生异质性影响。实证上,本文基于2007年至2019年全球158个经济体的数据,使用历史出生率构建工具变量,揭示了数字政府建设对收入差距影响的U型模式:若数字政府建设水平已较高,则进一步的建设会扩大收入差距;若建设水平较低,则结论相反。在数字政府建设过程中,中国应着重提升数字技术覆盖面和服务精准度,深化数字技术在再分配过程中的应用。We systematically estimate the causal effects of digital government development on income inequality.Initially,we elaborate on the impact of digital government on income inequality through a conceptual quantitative model.Specifically,the initial introduction of digital government enhances the standardization and transparency of public service application processes,reducing the costs for firms to access public services.The gap among firms in their ability to apply for public services is then narrowed,reducing the inequality in firm profitability.Nonetheless,with the progressive maturation of digital government functionalities,some firms may encounter limitations in fully leveraging online public services due to variances in scale,geographical location,human capital,and other determinants,leading to the phenomenon known as the“digital divide,”thus widening income disparities.Using data from 158 economies worldwide from 2007 to 2019,we first employ fixed effects regressions to explore the correlation between digital government development and income inequality.However,due to the inherent endogeneity of digital government construction and its close association with the overall economic development level,the fixed effects regressions suffer from bias.To address the endogeneities,we further construct instrumental variables for digital government development by interacting with the average historical birth rates between 1950 and 1955 and time trend.Our two stage least squares results then show that the influence of digital government follows a U-shaped pattern.To be specific,digital government widens income inequality in the top 50%of countries but reduces it in the remaining 50%.We aim to delve deeper into the impact of digital government on income inequality both before and after government redistribution as mechanism explorations.We utilize the Gini coefficient based on pre-tax and pre-transfer income data from the SWIID database to gauge income inequality prior to government redistribution.Comparative analysis o

关 键 词：共同富裕 数字政府 收入差距 数字鸿沟 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学] D63[政治法律—国际政治] F113.8[经济管理—国际贸易]