铝合金焊接凝固裂纹及焊材抗裂性的研究进展  

Research Progress on Solidification Cracking of Aluminum Alloy During Welding and Crack Resistance of Filler Materials

作　　者：王浩 刘坤 李洁 余文明 吴红 OKULOV Artem WANG Hao;LIU Kun;LI Jie;YU Wenming;WU Hong;OKULOV Artem(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100;China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Emergency Warning and Rescue Equipment Co.,Ltd.Wuhan 430223;Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,Ekaterinburg 620077,Russia)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江212100 [2]中国船舶重工集团应急预警与救援装备股份有限公司,武汉430223 [3]俄罗斯科学院乌拉尔分院,叶卡捷琳堡620077俄罗斯

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第12期207-219,共13页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105351);中国博士后科学基金面上(2022M722928);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210890);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX23_3862)资助项目。

摘　　要：铝合金的高质量焊接在轻量化制造中发挥着重要作用,但铝合金的焊接凝固裂纹敏感性较高,在焊接过程中极易出现开裂,严重影响铝合金焊接结构质量和安全可靠性。焊接凝固裂纹产生于高温熔池后方的糊状区,裂纹萌生及扩展是一个受多种因素影响的高温复杂过程,糊状区的高温冶金行为尤为关键。全面分析铝合金焊接凝固裂纹及焊材抗裂性的研究现状,对于深刻理解铝合金焊接凝固裂纹机理及抑制具有重要的指导意义。综述铝合金焊接凝固裂纹机理、凝固裂纹判据、敏感性测试、凝固裂纹的影响因素以及焊材抗裂性等方面的研究进展。针对目前存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,为铝合金凝固裂纹冶金机理的深入研究及裂纹抑制提供有价值的参考。The high-quality welding of aluminum alloy plays a vital role in lightweight manufacturing.However,aluminum alloys are susceptible to solidification cracking and are easy to crack during welding,which seriously affects the quality and safety reliability of welding structures.Solidification crack occurs in the mushy zone behind the high-temperature molten pool.The initiation and propagation of solidification cracking is a high-temperature complex process affected by many factors.The high-temperature metallurgical behavior in the mushy zone is particularly critical.A comprehensive analysis of the research status of welding solidification cracks of aluminum alloys and the crack resistance of fller materials has important guiding significance for deep understanding of the mechanism and suppression of welding solidification cracks of aluminum alloys.The current status and progress of research on solidification cracking mechanism,criterion,susceptibility testing,influencing factors,and cracking resistance of filler materials are summarized.In addition,future research directions are also pointed out.A valuable reference is provided for the in-depth study on the metallurgical mechanism of solidification cracking of aluminum alloy and crack suppression.

关 键 词：铝合金 焊接冶金 凝固裂纹 糊状区 抗裂性 

分 类 号：TG401[金属学及工艺—焊接]