真实汽车事故中人体头部运动学边界对损伤机制影响研究  

Influence of Human Head Kinematic Boundary to Head Injury in Real Car Accident

作　　者：王方 尹嘉杰 胡林[1,2] 王明亮 石亮亮 邹铁方 刘鑫[1,2] ZHOU Zhou WANG Fang;YIN Jiajie;HU Lin;WANG Minglang;SHI Liangliang;ZOU Tiefang;LIU Xin;ZHOU Zhou(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Changsha 410114;State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology,China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122;Division of Neuronic Engineering,KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm 14152,Sweden)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114 [2]工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室,重庆401122 [4]瑞典皇家理工学院神经元工程系,斯德哥尔摩14152瑞典

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第12期321-334,共14页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52325211,52372348,52172399);湖南省普通高等学校科技创新团队(新能源智能汽车技术);长沙市科技计划(KQ2208235);重庆市博士直通车科研(sl202100000528)资助项目。

摘　　要：在弱势道路使用者(Vulnerableroaduser,VRU)与车辆碰撞交通事故中,VRU头部损伤一直是导致其死伤的最主要原因,但目前的行人保护测评规程中所用的头部冲击器方法仅考虑了单一的碰撞边界,不能全面反映真实事故中的头部碰撞响应全过程,且所采用的头部损伤评价准则HIC仅考虑头部线性运动,对头部损伤风险评价具有其局限性,同时针对其余VRU保护的测评规程还亟待开发。为了对VRU头部保护测评规程提供更全面的头部碰撞边界条件参考和更丰富的损伤评价准则,以更综合评价真实事故中头部碰撞损伤风险,本研究从已有交通事故数据库中筛选出50例可以用于事故虚拟重建且具有明显头部碰撞损伤的VRU-车辆碰撞事故案例,采用数值模拟方法对其进行动力学重建与损伤再现,以获取VRU头部与车辆碰撞边界条件及基于多种损伤评价准则的头部碰撞损伤响应参数;基于上述数据构建线性回归模型,深入探究头部碰撞边界条件与多样化头部损伤响应时间的相关性。结果表明,碰撞线性加速度、碰撞旋转加速度、碰撞速度和碰撞旋转速度与头部损伤间相关显著程度各有不同;相对头部线性运动,头部碰撞旋转运动边界条件参数与颅脑损伤响应表现出更强相关性,而碰撞持续时间则未与其显著相关;另外,事故案例头部碰撞载荷多样性需要根据各个碰撞边界条件的量级来参考不同的损伤评价指标。本研究成果有望为行人头部保护测试工况的扩展和头部损伤评价准则的选取提供参考。In real-world car to vulnerable road user(VRU)impact accidents,head impactisthe leading cause of VRU injuryanddeath.The currently used head impactor test used in pedestrian safety regulations/programs only considers the simple impact conditions that can not fully reflect the real impact event,and the used head injury criterion HIC onlyconsiders head liner acceleration.Meanwhile,specific testing and evaluation program for remaining VRU protection still needs to be developed.To explore the head injury mechanism from a more realistic and comprehensive perspective,50 real-world car-to-VRU impact accident cases were selected and reconstructed numerically,through which the boundary conditions of the impact between VRUs'head and vehicle as well as the head injury parameters during the impact events were obtained.Using linear regression model,the correlations between impact kinematics condition parameters of the head and predictions based on various head injury criteria were comprehensively investigated.The results show that a significant correlation betweenthe linear acceleration,rotational acceleration,velocity and rotational velocity and the head injury was observed.The headimpact rotational kinematics has a higher correlation with the predicted brain injury parameters than head linear kinematics,while the impact duration has no significant correlation.The result also indicated that the selection of head injury criterion needs to depend on the severity of impact boundary conditions.The current study could be an important reference for expanding the pedestrian safety tesing scenarios and determing the head injury criteria used for the head injury risk evluation.

关 键 词：人-车碰撞事故 头部/颅脑损伤 事故重建 碰撞边界条件 损伤准则 

分 类 号：U467[机械工程—车辆工程]