乙型流感病毒Yamagata系毒株的消失及其疫苗株更换的思考及讨论  

Consideration and discussion on extinction of influenza B/Yamagata virus and switch of vaccine strain

作　　者：辛丽[1] 王大燕[1] XIN Li;WANG Dayan(NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases,National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委医学病毒和病毒病重点实验室中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京102206

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2024年第8期1014-1019,共6页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金(L212006)。

摘　　要：乙型流感病毒B/Yamagata系毒株作为季节性流感病毒,已流行近半个世纪。期间,B/Yamagata系毒株与其他亚型或谱系流感病毒一样,经过不断变异和进化,形成多个流行分支。2014年,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)推荐B/Yamagata系3A分支B/Phuket/3073/2013为候选疫苗株,之后,3A分支病毒一直为B/Yamagata系的优势毒株。2020年3月以来,全球再未分离到B/Yamagata系毒株,B/Yamagata系毒株可能已在人间消失。近期,关于去除掉四价流感疫苗中B/Yamagata组分的建议越来越明确。本文回顾了乙型流感及其疫苗株的发展历史,客观分析了B/Yamagata系毒株消失的可能原因,综合描述了病毒学、流行病学、免疫学以及与疫苗免疫相关的社会科学、疫苗生产企业等多学科、多部门的观点,并对防止B/Yamagata系毒株重现提出建议,同时也建议疫苗监管部门和生产企业做好工作计划,为四价疫苗更换为三价疫苗做好充分准备。Influenza B/Yamagata has been circulating in humans for nearly half a century as a seasonal influenza virus.Like other subtypes or lineages of influenza viruses,B/Yamagata lineage virus has continuously mutated and evolved,resulting in multiple clades.In 2014,World Health Organization(WHO)recommended B/Phuket/3073/2013,a representative virus of B/Yamagata lineage 3A group,as a candidate vaccine virus.Since then,the 3A group virus had been the predominant virus of B/Yamagata lineage.Since March 2020,no B/Yamagata lineage virus has been isolated globally.B/Yamagata lineage virus has been probably extinct.Recently,there is a suggestion that WHO should exclude B/Yamagata component from quadrivalent influenza vaccines.This paper reviews the development history of influenza B and its vaccine strains,objectively analyzes the possible causes of the disappearance of B/Yamagata lineage viruses,and comprehensively describes the perspectives of multiple disciplines and departments,including virology,epidemiology,immunology,social sciences related to vaccine immunization and vaccine manufacturers.It makes recommendations on preventing the recurrence of B/Yamagata lineage viruses,and also suggests that policy making authorities and vaccine manufacturers should make plans and preparations for the replacement of quadrivalent vaccine to trivalent vaccine.

关 键 词：乙型流感病毒 Yamagata系 疫苗株 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]