耕地种植用途管控的现实困境、法理反思与制度设计——以利益平衡理论为视角  

Practical Dilemma,Legal Reflection and Institutional Design of Cultivated Land Use Control of Planting——From the Perspective of Theory of Balancing Interests

作　　者：郑庆宇 吴昭军 ZHENG Qingyu;WU Zhaojun(Legal Construction Research Office of the Research Center for Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100810,China;China Land Policy and Law Research Center of China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农村经济研究中心法治建设研究室,北京100810 [2]中国农业大学中国土地政策与法律研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2024年第7期32-40,共9页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CFX040)。

摘　　要：研究目的:分析耕地种植用途管控的法律政策内在冲突,探究其法理基础并提出制度设计方案。研究方法:规范分析法、演绎推理法。研究结果:当前耕地种植用途管控制度存在着执行效果与政策目标的偏离、不同立法导向下规范价值的冲突、公权限制与私权保护之间的矛盾。利益平衡理论可作为耕地种植用途管控的法理依据,其蕴含的系统治理观可有效填补其他理论供给不足的问题,实现多元价值平衡。研究结论:在利益平衡理论下,应改变单纯公法管制思路,引入契约等私法理念,增强管制弹性,平衡公权管控刚性与私法经营自主权;协调耕地的粮食安全保障功能与经济效益功能,遵循经济规律与自然规律,分类分区设定不同的管控强度;根据管制强度建立多元补偿机制,对被管制者予以公平合理补偿。The purposes of this study are to analyze the inherent conflicts between laws and policies on cultivated land use control of planting,to explore their legal basis,and to propose institutional design schemes.The research methods include normative analysis and deductive reasoning.The research results show that there are deviations between the implementation effect and policy objectives of the current cultivated land use control of planting,conflicts in normative values under different legislative orientations,and contradictions between public rights restrictions and private rights protection.The theory of balance of interests can serve as a legal basis for cultivated land use control,and its systematic governance perspective can effectively fill the problem of insufficient supply of other theories and achieve a balance of multiple values.In conclusion,under the theory of balance of interests,the pure concept of public law regulation should be changed,and private law concepts,such as contracts,should be introduced to enhance regulatory flexibility and balance the rigidity of public power control with the autonomy of private law operation.The food security and economic benefits functions of cultivated land should be coordinated.The economic and natural laws should be followed.The different control intensities for classification and zoning should be set.A diversified compensation mechanism based on the intensity of regulation should be established.The fair and reasonable compensation should be provided to regulated individuals.

关 键 词：耕地种植用途管控 经营自主权 利益平衡理论 补偿 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学]