一种基于三步法的轴承故障诊断方法  

Rolling Element Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using a Three-step Scheme

作　　者：黄包裕 张永祥[1] HUANG Baoyu;ZHANG Yongxiang(Naval University of Engineering,College of Power Engineering,Wuhan 430033)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第14期51-68,共18页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

摘　　要：复杂的传递路径会使测量信号产生严重的衰减和失真,而强背景噪声的干扰则会极大降低信号的信噪比,并给故障信号的分离提取带来很大困难。为此,提出一种基于三步法的轴承故障诊断方法以期解决这一问题。首先,利用基于信号幅值谱趋势项的方法抑制传递路径效应的影响;其次,利用基于相关分析的频谱校正技术精确计算出谐波的频率、幅值以及相位,并将原始信号减去利用上述参数构造的谐波以达到抑制谐波的目的;最后,利用基于全子带的最大加权时频能量比选取出最佳的滤波频带进行分析,从而实现轴承的故障诊断。仿真与试验结果表明,所提算法较好地抑制了复杂传递路径以及强背景噪声的干扰,且与近年来较为新颖的norm-infogram和IESFOgram相比,性能更加。The complex transmission path will cause serious attenuation and distortion of the measured signal,and the interference of strong background noise will greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal,and bring great difficulties to the separation and extraction of the fault signal.Therefore,a bearing fault diagnosis method based on three-step method is proposed to solve this problem.First,a trend-line based transmission path elimination technique is applied to suppress the influence of the complex transmission path;then,spectrum correction technology is used to accurately calculate the frequency,amplitude and phase of the harmony interference,and harmonics constructed by the above parameters are removed from the original signal to achieve the purpose of suppressing harmony interference;finally,the optimal filter frequency band is selected by the maximum weighted time-frequency energy ratio which based on all sub-bands,so as to realize the fault diagnosis of the rolling element bearings.Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can better suppress the interference of complex transfer paths and strong background noise,and has better performance than the recent novel norm-infogram and IESFOgram..

关 键 词：滚动轴承 故障诊断 传递路径效应抑制 频谱校正 加权时频能量比 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]