走出科林格里奇困境: 生成式人工智能技术的动态规制  

Getting out of the Collingridge s Dilemma:Dynamic Regulation of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology

作　　者：童云峰[1] TONG Yunfeng

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第8期53-67,共15页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目“数字时代个人信息权益的全生命周期刑法保护研究”(2023EFX010);长三角G60科创走廊法治研究中心课题“人工智能赋能企业合规治理体系建设研究与运用”(D-6901-24-061-004b)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能技术的迅猛发展给监管者带来了科林格里奇困境。在困境的风险侧面,生成式人工智能技术的风险日益具象化,表现为输入层和隐藏层的共性风险与输出层的特色风险,折射出行政监管与法律规制的必要性。在困境的安全侧面,过于关注安全的严苛式监管会反噬技术创新的空间、挫伤我国在先进技术领域的国际竞争力。为了消解我国生成式人工智能技术的科林格里奇困境,应当确立动态规制模式。首先,强化企业自治与行政监管后移并举,以企业合规作为规避技术风险的第一道防线,行政监管退居第二道防线。其次,合规效果监管机制替代全流程行为监管,通过奖惩机制激励与倒逼企业落实合规计划。最后,软法先行引导硬法完善,通过软法的试验性探索为塑造我国系统性的人工智能法典奠定基础。The rapid development of the generative artificial intelligence technology has brought the Collingridge s Dilemma to regulators.On the risk side of the dilemma,the risk of the generative artificial intelligence technology is becoming increasingly concrete,which is manifested as the common risk of the input layer and the hidden layer and the characteristic risk of the output layer,reflecting the necessity of administrative supervision and legal regulation.On the safety side of the dilemma,paying too much attention to the strict supervision of safety will undermine the space of technological innovation and frustrate China s international competitiveness in the field of advanced technology.In order to eliminate the Collingridge s dilemma of the generative artificial intelligence technology in China,a dynamic regulation model should be established.First of all,enterprise autonomy should be strengthened along with the postponement of administrative supervision,with enterprise compliance as the first line of defense to avoid technical risks,and administrative supervision retreating to the second line of defense.Next,the whole process of behavior supervision should be replaced by the compliance effect supervision mechanism,incentivizing and forcing enterprises to implement the compliance plan through the reward and punishment mechanism.Finally,the soft law should be enforced first to guide the improvement of the hard law,laying the foundation for shaping the systematic artificial intelligence code in China through experimental exploration of the soft law.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 科林格里奇困境 动态规制模式 人工智能法典 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP18[政治法律—法学]