不同玉米自交系雌穗结实潜力及结实率研究  

Study on the Seed Setting Potential and Seed Setting Rate of Female Ear in Maize Inbred Lines

作　　者：何文存 买丽金 陈哲 王安琪 张春庆[1] 吴承来[1] HE Wen-cun;MAI Li-jin;CHEN Zhe;WANG An-qi;ZHANG Chun-qing;WU Cheng-lai(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018;Tai’an City Taishan District Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Tai’an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]泰安市泰山区农业农村局,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第6期1-10,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-02-02);山东省重点研发计划(2022LZGC00602)。

摘　　要：选用36份玉米自交系,通过对雌穗小花数、吐丝数、穗粒数等结实相关性状测定,研究其结实特性。结果表明,自交系的结实潜力大,平均雌穗小花数目达579.9个,其中,831412-1小花数最高,达814.1个。雌穗分化的小花数目远多于穗粒数,各自交系的小花结实率平均为75.3%,即平均24.7%的结实潜力未能实现。分析限制结实潜力实现的原因发现,小花的花丝未能吐出苞叶,使结实率平均下降15.2%;已吐花丝的小花中有9.5%未结实,平均穗粒数仅为434.3粒。未吐丝小花和吐丝而未结实小花是导致结实潜力消减的两个重要因素。改良小花吐丝率是提高玉米自交系结实率的关键。In this study,36 inbred lines were selected to investigate characteristics of seed setting by measuring seed setting-related traits,such as the number of florets,silks and kernels per ear in the female ear.The average number of florets was 579.9,with inbred line 831412-1 possessed the maximum floret number of 814.1.This indicated a great potential for seed setting in these inbred lines.Differentiated florets in the female ear outnumbered kernels per ear prominently,the average seed setting rate of each inbred line was only 75.3%,as 24.7% of the seed setting potential was not realized.Analysis of the constraints on seed setting potential showed that the seed setting rate decreased by an average of 15.2% due to the failure of silking out of bracts.Furthermore,9.5% of florets silked did not set,which led to the final average kernel number as 434.3.According to the analysis,silking and successful seed setting are two critical factors affecting yield potential.Enhancing floret silking rate is the key to increase the setting rate of maize inbred lines.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系 穗粒数 结实性 

分 类 号：S513.032[农业科学—作物学]