保墒措施配施微生物菌肥对陇东旱塬农田土壤部分物理性状和春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Moisture Keeping Measures with Microbial Fertilizers on Soil Partial Physical Properties and Spring Maize Yield in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province

作　　者：邓浩亮 潘小番 王勤礼[2] 肖让 李斌 DENG Hao-liang;PAN Xiao-fan;WANG Qin-li;XIAO Rang;LI Bin(College of Civil Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000;Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Resource Utilization of Edible Fungi and Fungi Bran/Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]河西学院土木工程学院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]河西学院/甘肃省食用菌菌糠资源化利用工程研究中心,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第6期67-76,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RG561);甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金项目(2022QB-152);河西学院博士科研启动基金项目(KYQD2020012)。

摘　　要：为探寻陇东旱塬春玉米绿色生态最佳种植模式,研究普通地膜(SP)、PE催化降解地膜(SF)、秸秆覆盖(SS)、施用保水剂(SW)及各处理配施微生物菌肥(PM、FM、SM、WM)和露地种植(CK)对农田土壤部分物理性状以及春玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,保墒措施可有效提高土壤贮水量,且配施微生物菌肥可降低0~40 cm土层土壤容重并增加总孔隙度。各保墒措施均能有效缩短春玉米无效穗长,增加穗粒数和穗粒重,从而提高产量和WUE。两年试验中,FM处理春玉米产量和WUE最高,其次为PM处理,分别较CK处理显著提高40.78%、37.67%和38.40%、31.39%。利用主成分分析法对测定指标进行综合评价,利用PE催化降解地膜覆盖配施微生物菌肥是在土壤物理环境条件改善后兼顾春玉米稳产和环境友好生产的种植模式。In order to explore the best green ecological planting mode for spring maize in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province,the effects of ordinary polyethylene film(SP),PE catalytic degradation film(SF),straw mulch(SS),absorbent polymert(SW),and every treatment with microbial fertilizer(PM,FM,SM,WM),and open-field planting(CK)on soil partial physical properties,spring maize yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied.The results showed that moisture keeping measures could effectively increase the soil water storage,and microbial fertilizers application can reduce the soil bulk density and increase the total porosity in the 0-40 cm soil layer compared with a single moisture keeping measure.Moisture keeping measures can effectively shorten the ineffective ear length of spring maize,increase the number of grains and the weight of grains per ear,thus improving the yield and WUE.In the 2-year experiment,the FM treatment had the highest spring maize yield and WUE,followed by the PM treatment,which significantly increased by 40.78%,37.67% and 38.40%,31.39%,respectively,compared with CK.Using principal component analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the measured indicators,the use of PE catalytic degradation film mulch with microbial fertilizer for spring maize in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu province is a planting model that takes into account both the stable yield and environmentally friendly production of spring maize after the improvement of soil physical environmental conditions.

关 键 词：春玉米 保墒措施 微生物菌肥 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]