浙江近海底栖贝类生态位及种间联结性  

Niche and interspecific association of benthic shellfish in coastal waters of Zhejiang

作　　者：李庆英 陈峰[1,2,4,5] 蒋日进 徐开达[1,2,4,5] 戴乾 钱卫国[3] LI Qingying;CHEN Feng;JIANG Rijin;XU Kaida;DAI Qian;QIAN Weiguo(Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Zhoushan 316021,China;Marine and Fishery Institute,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316021,China;College of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Key Research Station for Fisheries Resources of Main Fishing Ground,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhoushan 316021,China;Key Research Station of Sustainable Utilization for Marine Fisheries Resources,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021 [2]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,浙江舟山316021 [3]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [4]农业农村部重点渔场渔业资源科学观测实验站,浙江舟山316021 [5]浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第6期704-717,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401901);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGN21C190005)。

摘　　要：为掌握浙江近海贝类的生态位特征及其种间关系,根据2020年8月—2021年4月在浙江近海开展的4个季度底栖贝类生物量与海洋环境调查数据,对贝类生态位、种间联结性,以及环境因子对贝类优势种生态位分化的影响等方面进行了研究。结果表明:调查采集贝类共41种,其中主要贝类共16种,分为3个生态类群,生态位宽度为1.1~3.7,平均生态位宽度为2.4,其中习见蛙螺(Bursa rana)生态位宽度最大(3.7),双沟鬘螺(Phalium bisulcatum)生态位宽度最低(1.1)。种对间生态位重叠值为0~0.66,其中长尾纺锤螺(Fusinus longicaudus)与管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)种对间生态位重叠值最大(0.66),58对种对间生态位重叠值为0,贝类生态位重叠程度较低。主要贝类种间总体呈现不显著正关联(VR>1),89.7%种对的联结性不显著(P>0.05),表明该海域主要贝类种对间对资源的整体竞争较小,而棒锥螺(Turritella terebra bacillum)与扁玉螺(Glossaulax didyma)、带鹑螺(Tonna olearium)、习见蛙螺等部分种类也存在较强的竞争关系。不同季节贝类优势种生态位分化的环境因子略有不同,但栖息水深与盐度(0.2≤r<0.4,P<0.01)是影响近海贝类生态位分化的主要因素。研究结果可为近海贝类生态稳定性评估和资源养护提供科学依据。This study investigated the niche and interspecific associations of shellfish,as well as the impact of environmental factors on the niche differentiation of dominant species in shellfish,based on four quarters of benthic shellfish biomass and marine environment survey data conducted in the coastal waters of Zhejiang from August 2020 to April 2021.The results showed that a total of 41 species of shellfish were surveyed and collected,of which 16 were the main shellfish,divided into three ecological groups.The niche width was 1.1–3.7,with an average of 2.4.Among the shellfish,Bursa rana had the largest niche width of 3.7,and Phalium bisulcatum had the lowest of 1.1.The niche overlap value between species was 0–0.66,with the maximum niche overlap value between species of Fusinus longicaudus and Hemifusus tuba being 0.66.The niche overlap between 58 species was 0,and the degree of niche overlap was relatively low.The overall correlation between the main shellfish species was not significant(VR>1),and 89.7%of the species showed no significant correlation(P>0.05),indicating that the overall competition for resources among the major shellfish species in the sea area was relatively low.However,some species such as Turritella terebra bacillum,Glossaulax didyma,Tonna olearium,and Bursa rana also had strong competitive relationships.The environmental factors that affected the niche differentiation of dominant species of shellfish in different seasons were slightly different;however,the major factors affecting the niche differentiation of nearshore shellfish are habitat water depth and salinity(0.2≤r<0.4,P<0.01).These results can provide a scientific basis for the assessment of ecological stability and resource conservation of nearshore shellfish.

关 键 词：贝类 生态位 种间联结性 浙江近海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]