农业基本法视角下日本农业政策演变及特征研究  

A Study on the Evolution and Characteristics of Japan’s Agricultural Policies from the Perspective of the Basic Law for Agriculture

作　　者：穆月英[1] 司伟[1] MU Yueying;SI Wei

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第9期11-21,共11页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国粮食生产的水资源时空匹配及优化路径研究”(18ZDA074)。

摘　　要：农业强国的建设离不开农业支持保护政策体系,中国的农业政策函须瞄准世界农业政策演变的共性问题,通过不断地调整与改革提高政策的精准性和有效性。以东亚国家日本为例探究其政策的演变及特征,对于揭示农业政策的前沿发展方向和形成“中国方案”具有重要的实践意义和学理价值。日本《农业基本法》从开始实施,到历次修订,经历了三个主要阶段:1961年日本《农业基本法》实施,1999年修订并更名为《食物、农业、农村基本法》,2024年《食物、农业、农村基本法》修订。日本农业政策的演变特征遵循由第一阶段保生产稳价格到第二阶段注重农业多功能和农村地区振兴再到第三阶段“食物供应-产业转型-可持续发展-乡村振兴”多维度的逻辑,是个不断根据日本经济社会的新规律完成适应性调整的过程。日本农业政策演变过程提供了如下经验启示:一是以法律为依据制定农业政策,二是因时而异确立农业政策目标,三是重视农业和食物产业的绿色转型,四是农业政策的长期一贯性以及政策目标措施的适变性。The development of a robust agricultural sector in China is heavily dependent on a comprehensive agricultural support and protection policy system.To enhance the precision and efficacy of these policies,it is crucial to address common challenges observed in the evolution of global agricultural policies through ongoing adjustments and reforms.Consequently,examining the trajectory of agricultural support and protection policy development,particularly through an analysis of Japan’s policies,is both practical and valuable.This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of the evolution and characteristics of agricultural support and protection policies.The evolution of Japan’s agricultural support policy is primarily centred around the Basic Law for Agriculture,encompassing three significant stages:the implementation of Japan’s Basic Law for Agriculture in 1961,the establishment of the Basic Law for Food,Agriculture,and Rural Areas in 1999,and the subsequent revisions to this Basic Law in recent years.This evolution follows a multi-dimensional logic of“food supply-industrial transformation-sustainable development-rural revitalization.”It progresses from the initial phase of production stabilization to the second phase of multi-functionality and the revitalization of agriculture and rural areas,culminating in the third phase of adaptive adjustments in response to new economic and social conditions in Japan.Japan’s experience provides several key insights for China:first,the formulation of agricultural policies grounded in legal frameworks;second,the establishment of agricultural policy objectives that are responsive to contemporary challenges;third,an emphasis on the green transformation of agriculture and the food industry;fourth,an acknowledgement of the long-term persistence of agricultural policies coupled with the timely adjustment of policy objectives and measures.

关 键 词：农业政策 日本 农业基本法修订 政策演变 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] F331.3[经济管理—产业经济]