超低渗致密砂岩和页岩储层渗流能力瞬态法评价进展  

A review of the progress in flow behavior evaluation using the transient method in the tight sandstone and shale formations

作　　者：贾趵 赵宇[3,4] 鲜成钢 余凯 曹炜 贾文峰 左玄 JIA Bao;ZHAO Yu;XIAN Chenggang;YU Kai;CAO Wei;JIA Wenfeng;ZUO Xuan(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd,Daqing 163712,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Reservoir Physics&Fluid Mechanics in Porous Medium,Daqing 163712,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chengdu 610041,China;Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院,北京102249 [3]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,大庆163712 [4]黑龙江省油层物理与渗流力学重点实验室,大庆163712 [5]中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,成都610041 [6]中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院,西安710018

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2024年第4期659-678,共20页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省第一批“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目《古龙页岩油提高采收率关键问题研究》(DQYT-2022-JS-761);中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金项目——优秀青年学者“页岩岩石物理特性的多尺度测量和模拟”(ZX20210070);中国石油西南油气田分公司科学研究与技术开发项目-四川盆地中西部地区致密气效益开发技术对策研究(2022ZD01-02)联合资助。

摘　　要：致密砂岩和页岩储层已逐渐成为全球油气产量增长的主要来源。准确的储层评价是实现油气田高效开发的关键,其中实验测量油气储层渗流能力是评价工作的重要内容之一。传统的渗透率测量方法基于稳态方法,即在岩心进出口压降达到平衡时,根据达西定律计算渗透率。然而,对于超低渗和页岩储层,稳态方法难以应用。因此,采用瞬态法替代稳态法,压力脉冲衰减实验成为研究超低渗透率的常用手段。本文全面分析了近50年来压力脉冲衰减实验的发展历程,重点评述了具有代表性的论文成果,针对现有技术手段的不足,提出了需要加强的超低渗透多孔介质渗流基础研究方向。目前,一维近似解析解和数值模型已能进行高精度超低渗透率计算,二维和三维模型也在快速发展中。然而,将复杂形态裂缝及多尺度裂缝高效地嵌入压力脉冲衰减模型仍是亟待解决的关键问题。对于页岩气等吸附性气体,明确静态吸附与动态吸附的区别以及将吸附曲线有效地纳入流动模型是需要深入探讨的基础科学问题。基于此,可通过压力脉冲衰减实验评估多物理作用下的岩石物理特性。此外,系统研究相对低压状态下的非达西渗流行为也是促进压力脉冲衰减实验科学计算的重要途径。总的来说,几十年来,超低渗岩心储渗能力评价的实验和模拟取得了显著进展,进一步深入理论研究和先进实验装置研发具有重要应用需求,相关研究进展对我国致密和页岩油气藏的高效勘探开发以及保障国家能源安全具有重要战略意义。Tight sandstone and shale reservoirs have gradually become the main sources of global oil and gas production growth.Accurate reservoir evaluation is the key to achieving efficient development of oil and gas fields,and experimental measurement of the fluid flow capacity of oil and gas reservoirs is one of the important aspects of reservoir evaluation work.Traditional permeability measurement methods are based on the steady-state method,that is,the permeability is calculated based on Darcy’s law when the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the core reaches equilibrium.However,for ultra-low permeabil-ity and shale reservoirs,the steady-state method is difficult to apply.Therefore,transient method needs to be used instead of the steady-state method,and the pressure pulse decay experimental device has become a commonly used means to study ultra-low permeability.This paper comprehensively analyzes the development process of pressure pulse decay experiments in the past 50 years,and focuses on the representative research results.In view of the deficiencies of the existing technical means,this paper proposes the research direction of strengthening the fundamental research into fluid flow in ultra-low permeability porous media.Currently,one-dimensional analytical solutions and numerical models can calculate ultra-low permeability with high precision,and two-dimensional and three-dimensional models are also rapidly developing.However,the efficient embedding of complex-shaped and multiscale fractures into pressure pulse decay models is still a key problem to be solved.For adsorptive gases such as shale gas,it is a fundamental scientific problem that needs to be further explored to clarify the difference between static adsorption and dynamic adsorption and effectively incorporate the adsorption curve into the flow model.Based on this,the rock physics characteristics under multi-physical effects can be evaluated through pressure pulse decay experiments.In addition,the systematic study of non-Darcy flow behavior under re

关 键 词：致密储层 页岩储层 瞬时方法 压力脉冲衰减 裂缝 解析解模型 数值模拟 非达西 

分 类 号：TE348[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] P634.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]