厚硬顶板地面水力致裂防治冲击地压技术研究  

Rock burst prevention technology for hydraulic fracturing on thick and hard roof surface

作　　者：王飞 马文涛 亢晓涛 焦伟 尚楠 马江鹏 马宏源 WANG Fei;MA Wentao;KANG Xiaotao;JIAO Wei;SHANG Nan;MA Jiangpeng;MA Hongyuan(Shaanxi Binchang Wenjiapo Mining Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 712000,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西彬长文家坡矿业有限公司,陕西咸阳712000 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2024年第8期59-64,共6页Coal Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004604);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174186)。

摘　　要：针对深部煤矿仅采用局部卸压措施难以有效消除顶板型冲击地压难题,分析了厚硬顶板动静载荷叠加诱冲原理,提出了地面水力压裂改造顶板力源结构防治冲击地压技术,在此基础上,结合文家坡矿4107工作面开采及地质条件,进行地面水力压裂厚硬顶板试验,现场试验结果表明:厚硬顶板悬而不垮提供静载荷基础,突然破断提供动载荷增量,动静载荷叠加突破临界载荷诱发冲击启动;采取地面水力压裂致裂厚硬顶板,地层在压裂液压力的作用下能够大范围破裂,地面压裂缝长301~332 m,缝高50~58 m,缝宽50~60 m;通过人造解放层,降低厚硬顶板的强度和完整性,长梁变短梁,大块变小块。可见,地面水力压裂技术致裂顶板,降低了巷道围岩应力集中程度,保障了工作面顺利回采。In response to solve the difficulty of effectively eliminating roof rock burst in deep coal mines by only using local pressure relief measures,the principle of inducing rock burst by the superposition of dynamic and static loads on thick and hard roof was analyzed.A technology for preventing rock burst at the source of the roof force source structure through ground hydraulic fracturing was proposed.Based on the mining and geological conditions of No.4107 working face at Wenjiapo Mine,ground hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted on thick and hard roofs.The on-site test results show that a thick and hard roof suspension without collapsing provides a static load foundation,sudden breakage provides an increase in dynamic load,and the combination of dynamic and static loads triggers impact initiation beyond the critical load.Ground hydraulic fracturing can cause thick and hard roof fractures,and the formation will largely crack under the pressure of fracturing fluid.The length of the ground fracture is 301~332 meters,the height of the fracture is 50~58 meters,and the width of the fracture is 50~60 meters.Artificial release layer reduces the strength and integrity of thick and hard roofs,making long beams shorter and large blocks smaller.Ground hydraulic fracturing technology breaks the roof,which reduces the stress concentration level of the surrounding rock of the roadway and ensures smooth mining of the working face.

关 键 词：厚硬顶板 力源结构 地面压裂 源头治理 冲击地压 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]