深度过冷循环低温推进剂贮箱温场特性分析  

Temperature field analysis of cryogenic propellant tanks with deep subcooling cycle

作　　者：张亮 汪彬 李杨 李超 沙赵明 罗云 王文[2] ZHANG Liang;WANG Bin;LI Yang;LI Chao;SHA Zhaoming;LUO Yun;WANG Wen(Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai,Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,Shanghai 201109,China;Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海航天技术研究院上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109 [2]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第8期137-144,共8页Journal of Aerospace Power

摘　　要：以某型号火箭液氧贮箱为例,对液氧在深度过冷循环过程中贮箱的降温特性进行仿真计算。以液氮为模拟工质,搭建低温推进剂过冷循环原理性缩比试验系统,通过实验数据验证数值模型的准确性。仿真分析了过冷循环流量及回流形式对贮箱降温速率及热分层特性的影响。研究表明:由于一级液氧贮箱筒段较长,贮箱内流体混合更加充分,液体温度均匀性良好;对于二级贮箱,由于其轴向长度较短,从输送管回流的部分深度过冷液氧直接通过贮箱上部抽液口被吸出,发生循环短路,导致贮箱温度始终无法降至70 K,贮箱内温度分层明显,温度均匀性较差,在对贮箱结构进行优化后,贮箱降温速率和温度均匀性提升明显。A rocket liquid oxygen tank was taken as an example to simulate the temperature-drop characteristics of the liquid oxygen tank with subcooled cycle.Using liquid nitrogen as the simulated working medium,the principle scaling cryogenic propellant subcooled cycle experimental system was established,and the accuracy of the numerical mode was verified by the experimental data.The effects of the subcooled cycle flow rate and return form on the temperature-drop rate and thermal stratification characteristics of the tank were simulated and analyzed.Results showed that,due to the long cylinder section of the first stage liquid oxygen tank,the fluid in the tank was more fully mixed and the temperature uniformity of the liquid was better.For the secondary tank,due to its short axial length,part of the subcooled liquid oxygen was directly sucked out through the upper suction port of the tank,such that the tank temperature cannot be reduced to 70 K.The temperature in the tank was obviously stratified,and the temperature uniformity was poor.After the optimization of the tank structure,the cooling rate and temperature uniformity of the tank were significantly improved.

关 键 词：低温推进剂 贮箱 深度过冷 外部循环 降温特性 

分 类 号：V511.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]