微塑料来源、分布及其对植物、动物和人体危害研究进展  

Sources and distributions of microplastics and the hazards to plants,animals and human health:A review

作　　者：孙梦瑶 郭家阳 王欣奕 常潇 SUN Mengyao;GUO Jiayang;WANG Xinyi;CHANG Xiao(State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Biomedical Engineering,Shanghai University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 201210,China;Faculty of Business and Economics,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]上海科技大学生物医学工程学院,上海201210 [4]香港大学经济与工商管理学院,中国香港999077

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第8期2301-2312,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500505-01);中国科学院A类战略先导专项(XDA28080400,XDA28020400);吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202203CGZH045,YDZJ202301ZYTS350)资助。

摘　　要：塑料产量的增加和塑料废物管理不善极大地增加了环境中微塑料(MPs)的数量。MPs指粒径小于5mm的塑料碎片和颗粒。已有许多研究探讨了MPs对环境和生物的影响及其潜在机制。人类和其他生物可以通过多种途径摄入或携带MPs,这些MPs可能对新陈代谢、功能和健康产生一系列负面影响。此外,由于它们具有较大的表面积,MPs能够吸附各种污染物,包括重金属和持久性有机污染物,并严重影响动物和人类的健康。基于近年来对MPs进行的研究,本文综述了当前MPs来源与分布情况,并探讨了植物、动物和人体暴露途径、毒性作用与毒理机制,展望了未来MPs研究方向,为进一步评估MPs健康风险提供参考。The increases in plastic production and inadequate plastic waste management have significantly increased the presence of microplastics(MPs)in the environment.MPs refer to plastic fragments and particles with a size smaller than 5 millimeters.Numerous studies have focused on the impacts of MPs on the environment and living organisms,and explored the potential mechanisms.Humans and other organisms can ingest or carry MPs through various pathways,which have a range of adverse effects on metabolism,functionality,and health.Additionally,due to their larger surface area,MPs could adsorb various pollutants,including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants,severely affecting the health of animals and humans.Based on research on MPs in recent years,we reviewed the sources and distribution of MPs,examined exposure pathways,toxic effects,and toxicological mechanisms on plants,animals,and human bodies,and provided a prospective outlook on future directions for MP research.This review would be a reference for further assessments of the health risks of MPs.

关 键 词：微塑料 来源和分布 生物累积 毒性效应 植物胁迫 动物及人体健康 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503