游客凝视的解构与再认识  

The Deconstruction and Re-cognition of Tourist Gaze

作　　者：陈晨[1] 宋昌耀[2] 厉新建[2,3] CHEN Chen;SONG Changyao;LI Xinjian(School of Leisure Sports and Tourism,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China;Tourism College of Jishou University,Zhangjiajie 427000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学休闲体育与旅游学院,北京100084 [2]北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院,北京100024 [3]吉首大学旅游学院,湖南张家界427000

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2024年第8期16-27,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：北京市教育科学规划项目“文旅融合视角下研学旅行教育知识体系构建与实施路径研究”(CIDB23505);文化和旅游部部级社科研究项目“文化和旅游融合发展促进共同富裕的模式与路径研究”(23DY05);国家自然科学基金项目“移动性视角下背包旅行者的时空差异及其作用机制”(42071177)共同资助。

摘　　要：在旅游研究中,游客凝视是广受关注的概念,持续的研究形成了丰富的学术积累。其中,有两种倾向值得重视,一是游客凝视常与旅游凝视混用,二是过于关注游客凝视的视觉特性。文章通过对厄里原著的评述以及相关文献的梳理,从游客视角出发对游客凝视概念进行了重新审视,探讨了游客凝视与个体社会性需求的关系。研究发现,相悖于逃离惯常环境的初衷,作为“社会人”的游客能够通过凝视介入社会和社会关系,参与感、羞耻感、归属感等都是诱发凝视过程的原因;同时,凝视也对个体融入群体发挥着重要作用。在时间维度上,可将游客凝视的演进过程划分为场前凝视、在场凝视与离场凝视。游客随着凝视过程演进发生情感变化,由此产生了希冀、满足、矛盾、反抗和妥协等心理过程,并组合成多种走向的情感动线。众多的情感动线相互叠加作用,推动着凝视客体的衍化和调整,展示出旅游活动通过游客凝视产生的外向权力性和内向权力性影响社会构建的过程。Tourist gaze is a widely concerned concept in tourism research.There has been rich academic accumulation on this issue,with two tendencies deserving attention,one is that tourist gaze has been equated constantly with tourism gaze,and the other is that the visual aspects of tourist gaze are overemphasized.This study aimed to inquire into the concept of tourist gaze purely from the perspective of tourists and to discuss its relationship between their social needs through reading John Urrys books and reviewing related literature.The study found that,contrary to the original intention of escaping from the“usual environment”,tourists as“social beings”can intervene in society and social relations through their gaze.Factors such as the sense of participation,shame and belonging are all reasons that trigger the gaze,while the gaze also plays an important role in the integration of individuals into the group.In the time dimension,the evolution of the tourist gaze can be divided into pre-site gaze,on-site gaze and off-site gaze.The psychological and emotional changes derived from the evolution of touristsgaze during the process,which developed an emotional line containing hope,satisfaction,contradiction,resistance and compromise.The interaction of these emotional lines promotes the evolution and adjustment of the gazed objects,showing how the internal and external power generated by tourism activities through tourist gaze impact social construction.

关 键 词：游客凝视 旅游凝视 社会性 情感动线 社会构建 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]