乡村旅游场域非对称权力关系下的东道主凝视  

Host Gaze under Asymmetric Power Relations in Rural Tourism

作　　者：赵锦源 孙九霞[1,2,3] 王思雅 ZHAO Jinyuan;SUN Jiuxia;WANG Siya(School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Center for Leisure,Tourism and Social development,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Greater Bay Area Humanities Community,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学旅游休闲与社会发展研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]中山大学大湾区人文共同体重点实验室,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2024年第8期28-39,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴战略下县域城乡融合发展的理论与实践研究”(22&ZD190);国家社会科学基金艺术学重点项目“乡村振兴战略中的文旅发展与城乡融合研究”(21AH016)共同资助。

摘　　要：凝视理论自其诞生之初便伴随着权力的审视与规训,旅游凝视也同样如此。在旅游主客之间的权力关系中,游客通常被视为优势权力者,然而在现实中所表现出来的是东道主同样具有凝视游客的权力。文章从东道主凝视的角度出发,选取雄安新区W村作为案例地,揭示游客与东道主之间权力关系及其转变过程,发现东道主为制衡游客权力、保护自身利益而采取的4种方案:隐晦抵抗、公开抵抗、合作和消极一致。研究发现,通常被认为处于权力低位的东道主也具有使游客按照其预期方式行事的手段,从而促进主客平衡和良性互动的实现,还创造性地提出游客凝视与东道主凝视相互影响的理论框架。为最大限度保护主客双方利益,应自上而下调整乡村旅游场域中的权力分配,以促进乡村旅游可持续发展。Since its inception,the theory of the gaze has been intertwined with the scrutiny and discipline of power,which is equally applicable to the tourist gaze.This study examines the power dynamics between tourists and hosts within the tourism industry,where tourists typically assume the role of dominant power-holders.However,the ability of hosts to gaze back at tourists introduces a complex interplay of power.Using W village in Xiong’an New Area as a case study,this paper reveals these dynamics and their transformation process.It identifies four strategies employed by hosts to counterbalance the power of tourists and protect their interests:subtle resistance,overt resistance,cooperation,and passive agreement.This study proposes a novel theoretical framework in which the gazes of tourists and hosts mutually influence each other.The tourist gaze compels hosts to perform a staged life,while the host gaze prompts tourists to behave within the confines set by hosts.The process by which hosts manage to constrain tourists and influence their gaze behavior includes the following:1)tourist gaze is relatively unconstrained,leading tourists to lose control over their physical management and deviate from their usual environment and order,resulting in abnormal behavior;2)concurrently with the tourist gaze,hosts employ linguistic and behavioral gazing;3)to prevent tourists from engaging in behavior that significantly harms their interests,hosts provide“disciplinary training”based on their gaze.This effort is supported by governmental regulations and online public opinion,which encourage tourists to regulate their behavior;4)after standardizing tourist behavior,the interests of hosts are safeguarded,achieving a balanced interaction between tourists and hosts.Compared with previous studies,this paper connects tourist gaze with host gaze,exploring how the gaze of tourists influences host decision-making in a context of power asymmetry,and how hosts can subtly influence tourist behavior even from a less visible position of power

关 键 词：旅游凝视 东道主凝视 主客互动 乡村旅游 权力关系 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]