河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌制种玉米水钾耦合效应分析  

Analysis of Water-Potassium Coupling Effect of Drip Irrigation under Mulch on Seed-maize in Hexi Oasis

作　　者：张建斌 徐平德 张大亮 梁仲锷[2] ZHANG Jian-bin;XU Ping-de;ZHANG Da-liang;LIANG Zhong-e(Gansu Ganlan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Architectural Design Institute,Zhangye 734000;Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省张掖市甘兰水利水电建筑设计院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第5期88-95,104,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发项目(22YF7FA081);甘肃省水利科研与技术推广项目(202203,23GSLK012,23GSLK013)。

摘　　要：在临泽县沙河镇新丰村制种玉米基地开展两年田间定位试验,设置低水(2880 m^(3)/hm^(2))、中水(3840 m^(3)/hm^(2))、高水(4800 m^(3)/hm^(2))3个灌溉定额水平及低钾(60 kg/hm^(2))、中钾(120 kg/hm^(2))、高钾(180 kg/hm^(2))3个施钾量水平,采取裂区试验设计,研究不同水钾供应对绿洲灌区制种玉米产量及其产量构成要素的影响。结果表明,水钾耦合效应影响下产量、百粒重、干物质量最高组合均为高水、中钾处理,分别为8819.90 kg/hm^(2)、27.05 g、235.31g/株。在河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌农田中,灌水量、施钾量与制种玉米产量之间符合二元二次回归模型,该模型预测产量与实际产量呈高度相关。通过模型解析表明,产量随水、钾投入量呈先升高后降低趋势。经模型寻优得出不同目标产量下的水、钾组合方案,当产量在8000~9000 kg/hm^(2)范围内时,最佳灌水量为4128.00~4623.36 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施钾量为126.24~161.76 kg/hm^(2)。A two-year field experiment was carried out in Xinfeng Village,Shahe Town,Linze County,Zhangye City,with low water(2880 m^(3)/ha),medium water(3840 m^(3)/ha)and high water(4800 m^(3)/ha).Three irrigation quota levels and three potassium application levels of low potassium(60 kg/ha),medium potassium(120 kg/ha)and high potassium(180 kg/a)were used in a split plot design,a total of 9 treatments.The effects of different water and potassium supply on seed maize yield and its components in oasis irrigation area were studied.The results showed that under the coupling effect of water and potassium,the highest combination of yield,100-grain weight and dry matter quality was adequate irrigation with middle potassium application rate treatment,which was 8819.90 kg/ha,27.05 g,235.31 g/plant,respectively.In the field of drip irrigation under mulch in Hexi oasis irrigation area,the relationship between irrigation amount,potassium application amount and seed maize yield conforms to the binary quadratic regression model.The model predicts that the yield is highly correlated with the actual yield.The model analysis showed that the yield increases first and then decreases with the amount of water and potassium input.The water and potassium combination schemes under different target yields were obtained by model optimization.In this experiment,when the yield is within the target range of 8000-9000 kg/ha,the optimal irrigation amount is 4128.00-4623.36 m^(3)/ha,and the potassium application amount is 126.24-161.76 kg/ha.

关 键 词：玉米 膜下滴灌 水钾耦合效应 产量 回归模型 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]