湖冰作为极地海冰技术中试基地的探讨  

Discussion on Lake Ice as An Experimental Base on the Development of Polar Sea Ice Technology

作　　者：王庆凯[1] 李志军[1] 王颖 卢鹏[1] 张波 WANG Qingkai;LI Zhijun;WANG Ying;LU Peng;ZHANG Bo(State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China;Hulunbuir Meteorological Bureau,Hulunbuir 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]呼伦贝尔市气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008

出　　处：《船舶工程》2024年第6期I0026-I0036,I0024,I0025,共13页Ship Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023MS04006);国家自然科学基金(42276242,42320104004)。

摘　　要：极地海冰技术验证需在不同环境中开展测试,渤海海冰的不稳定性无法保障反复的长期试验时间,寻求利用国内寒区湖泊作为中试基地,解决室内缺少接近极地条件的中试难题。为此,在含章湖、青海湖、乌梁素海和呼和诺尔湖开展湖冰生消、物理性质、力学性质等调查研究,并与南、北极海冰的物理和力学性质进行对比评估。结果表明,含章湖、青海湖、乌梁素海湖和呼和诺尔湖均有时间充裕的冰封期。呼和诺尔湖冰厚最大,超过1 m;乌梁素海冰厚超过50 cm;含章湖和青海湖冰厚相似,最大冰厚超过30 cm。含章湖、青海湖和乌梁素海冰晶体均以柱状冰为主,与极地一年冰晶体结构相似。含章湖和青海湖冰的盐度及密度与北极夏季海冰相似。含章湖冰的单轴压缩强度比极地夏季海冰强度高;乌梁素海湖冰强度与南极普里兹湾固定冰强度相似。研究结果表明国内一些湖泊可作为极地海冰技术验证的中试基地。Validation of polar sea ice technology requires tests in different environments.The instability of sea ice in the Bohai Sea cannot guarantee repeated long-term experiments.Lakes in cold areas in China can be used as experimental bases to solve the problem of indoor test lacking conditions close to the polar regions.Therefore,the ice development,and physical and mechanical properties of the ice in the HanZhang Lake,Qinghai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,and Huhenur Lake were investigated,which were then compared with the physical and mechanical properties of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice.The results show that the Hanzhang Lake,Qinghai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,and Huhenur Lake all have long ice periods.The ice thickness is the largest in the Huhenur Lake,more than 1 m.The ice thickness in the Ulansuhai Lake is more than 50 cm.The ice thickness of the Hanzhang Lake and Qinghai Lake is similar,with the maximum ice thickness exceeding 30 cm.The crystal structures of ice in the Hanzhagn Lake,Qinghai Lake and Ulansuhai Lake are mainly columnar ice,similar to that of first-year ice in the polar regions.The ice salinity and density in the Hanzhang Lake and Qinghai Lake are similar to those of the Arctic summer sea ice.The uniaxial compressive strength of the ice in the Hanzhang Lake is higher than that of the polar summer sea ice.The strength of ice in the Ulansuhai Lake is similar to that of fast ice in the Prydz Bay,east Antarctic.The results show that some lakes in China can be used as experimental bases for the validation of polar sea ice technology.

关 键 词：湖冰 物理力学性质 冰厚 极地 中试基地 

分 类 号：P343.63[天文地球—水文科学] P731.15[天文地球—地球物理学]