宁夏3~6岁学龄前儿童贫血现状调查及影响因素分析  

Study on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Anemia in Preschool Children Aged 3~6 Years Old in Ningxia

作　　者：马丽娟 靳雅男 杨炬[2] 孙莹 李媛[2] 张浩 Ma Lijuan;Jin Yanan;Yang Ju;Sun Ying;Li Yuan;Zhang Hao(School of Public Health,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏银川750004 [2]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750003

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第8期46-49,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:调查宁夏3~6岁学龄前儿童贫血现状并探究影响因素,为相关部门制定预防政策和措施提供数据支持。方法:2023年10月采用多阶段随机整群抽样法,在宁夏10个县(区)中分别抽取3所共计30所幼儿园,并在每个幼儿园中分别抽取大、中、小班各一个,对其全部学生进行调查。调查最终纳入学龄前儿童2683名。采用面对面询问的方式对儿童家长进行问卷调查,并采儿童指尖血进行血红蛋白测定。学龄前儿童贫血影响因素的单因素分析采用χ2检验,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的因素纳入logistic回归模型中探究贫血的影响因素。结果:2683名3~6岁学龄前儿童中,检出贫血儿童225人,贫血率为8.4%。其中,男生和女生的贫血率分别为8.3%和8.5%,3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁儿童的贫血率分别为8.7%、6.4%、10.9%和6.3%。logistic回归分析结果表明,母乳时长6个月及以上(OR=0.716,95%CI为0.523~0.982),家庭人口为4人(OR=0.218,95%CI为0.065~0.731)或≥5人(OR=0.250,95%CI为0.075~0.828),水果食用频率≥4次/周(OR=0.591,95%CI为0.392~0.889)是儿童贫血的保护因素。结论:宁夏3~6岁学龄前儿童贫血率总体较低,母乳喂养超过6个月、家庭人口为4人或≥5人,水果食用频率≥4次/周可以在一定程度上预防学龄前儿童贫血,促进儿童健康。OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of anemia in preschool children aged 3~6 years in Ningxia and explore the influencing factors,so as to provide data support for relevant departments to formulate preventive policies and measures.METHODS Using multi-stage random cluster sampling,3 kindergartens totaling 30 were selected from each of the 10 counties(districts),and one large,one medium and one small class were selected from each kindergarten,resulting in a final survey of 2683 preschool children.A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the children by means of face-to-face questioning to learn about the children's basic personal situation,family situation and dietary situation,and the children’s fingertip blood was collected for hemoglobin measurement.Theχ2 test was used to analyze whether there was a statistically significant difference in anemia rates between groups,and statistically significant factors were included in a logistic regression model to explore the influencing factors of anemia.RESULTS 225 out of 2683 preschool children aged 3~6 years in Ningxia suffered from anemia,with an anemia rate of 8.4%.Among them,the anemia rates of boys and girls were 8.3%and 8.5%,respectively.The anemia rates of 3,4,5 and 6 years old were 8.7%,6.4%,10.9%and 6.3%,respectively.The results of logistic regression modeling indicated that breastfeeding duration of 6 months and above(OR=0.716,95%CI:0.523~0.982),family size of 4(OR=0.218,95%CI:0.065~0.731)or 5 and above(OR=0.250,95%CI:0.075~0.828),and frequency of fruit consumption≥4 times/week(OR=0.591,95%CI:0.392~0.889)were protective factors for anemia in children.CONCLUSION The level of anemia prevalence in children aged 3~6 years is low.Breastfeeding for more than 6 months,family size of more than 2 persons,and fruit consumption frequency≥4 times/week can prevent anemia in preschool children to a certain extent and promote children’s health.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 贫血 影响因素 宁夏 

分 类 号：R725.5[医药卫生—儿科]