论“人群特征”对国际中文教育的学科支撑  

The Disciplinary Foundations of“Population Profile”in International Chinese Language Education

作　　者：王汉卫[1] 张馨月 Wang Hanwei;Zhang Xinyue

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院,广东广州510610

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2024年第5期54-63,共10页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

摘　　要：国际中文教育中的“国际”,其实质内涵是“国际人群”,分为海外华人和非华人两大异质性群体。国际中文教育的发展,必然要立足于对其“人群特征”尽可能细致的分析性认识。海外华人是国际中文教育的核心人群,非华人则是潜在的主体人群,面向这两大人群的中文教育分别对应“中文祖语传承”和“中文二语传播”。鉴于新老华人社会祖语保持的现状,“中文祖语传承”的对象人群可细分为“有较好家庭语言环境”“有一定家庭语言环境”“没有或基本没有家庭语言环境”3类,并据此设计不同的核心课程、教材、教法。根据母语文情况,可对“中文二语传播”的对象人群再分类,按文字划分为“汉字文化圈”和“非汉字文化圈”,后者按与中国的地理关系再分为“周边”与“非周边”。根据中文与其他国家语言文字的远近亲疏展开理论探究和教学实践,才能校正与印欧语对比的中文本体观。对象人群的步步细化,相应研究的步步深化,正是国际中文教育的发展之路。进一步丰富对象人群的下位构成,才能实现学术和社会资源上更加合理的分工、配置,以达到精准服务的目的。The notion of“international”in the fi eld of international Chinese language education is essentially defi ned by the international population,which comprises two heterogeneous groups:overseas Chinese and non-Chinese.The development of international Chinese language education necessitates a detailed analytical understanding of these populations.Overseas Chinese form the core group of international Chinese language education,while non-Chinese represent the potential main group.Chinese language education tailored to these groups pertains to the inheritance of Chinese ancestral language and the dissemination of Chinese as a second language,respectively.Considering the current situation of Chinese ancestral language preservation within both established and emerging Chinese communities,the target audience for Chinese ancestral language inheritance can be categorized into three groups:those with a robust family language environment,those with a moderate family language environment,and those with minimal or no family language environment.This categorization informs the design of distinct core curricula,textbooks,and teaching methods.For the dissemination of Chinese as a second language,the target audience can be further classifi ed based on their native languages into Chinese character cultural circle and non-Chinese character cultural circle.The latter can be further divided into“peripheral”and“non-peripheral”groups based on their geographical proximity to China.Theoretical exploration and teaching practices that consider the relative linguistic and script distances between Chinese and other languages can avoid the Chinese centrism and address the intrinsic diff erences between Chinese and other languages.The progressive refi nement of the target population and the corresponding deepening of research represent the developmental trajectory of international Chinese language education.By enriching the composition of the target population,a more rational division of labor and allocation of academic and social re

关 键 词：国际中文教育 人群特征 华人/非华人 中文祖语传承/中文二语传播 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]