清华大学东欧交换生中国语文专修班建班考  

A Study on the Establishment of Chinese Language Special Course for Eastern European Exchange Students at Tsinghua University

作　　者：施正宇[1] 赵美 Shi Zhengyu;Zhao Mei

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院,北京100870 [2]北京师范大学国际中文教育学院,北京100875

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2024年第5期64-75,共12页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：教育部中外语言交流合作中心2021年重点项目“建国初期汉语教育史研究(1950-1966)”(21YH01B)。

摘　　要：清华大学东欧交换生中国语文专修班是中华人民共和国成立之初,在毛泽东等中央领导人直接参与下,由周恩来主持,并经外交部、文化教育委员会和教育部等多部门协同运作,委托清华大学建立的当代中国第一个对外汉语教学机构。该班发端于中国和东欧五国交换留学生的动议,中外双方就学习内容与期限、生源资质、生活待遇等问题进行了充分的协商,形成了建国初期留学生教学与管理的雏形。1950年9月,清华专修班正式成立,至1952年秋季转入北京大学之前,实有教职员工17人,学生36名。其行政管理分为3个层面:政府层面为东欧来华留学生工作组,由相关部委人员组成;学校层面为外籍学生指导委员会,由校内知名学者组成;机构层面即清华大学东欧交换生中国语文专修班,在行政级别上与“系”平级,由邓懿主持具体教学工作。清华专修班的工作原则有二,一为“分工合作”,二为“民主集中”。回首望去,清华专修班的建立不仅培养了一批知华友华的外国学生,而且为中国对外汉语教学的发展奠定了稳固的基石,在中国乃至世界汉语教育史上占有重要的一席。The Chinese Language Special Course for Eastern European Exchange Students at Tsinghua University was presided over by the Premier of the Government Administration Council Zhou Enlai,and operated in collaboration with multiple departments such as the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs,the Cultural and Education Commission,and the Ministry of Education,with direct participation of Chairman Mao Zedong,Vice Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De,Vice Premier of the Government Administration Council and Director of the Financial and Economic Commission Chen Yun,after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.The program originated from an initiative to exchange students between China and fi ve Eastern European countries.Both parties extensively negotiated curriculum content,program duration,student qualifi cations,and living arrangements,forming an early model for international student education and management in the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Offi cially inaugurated in September 1950,the program operated at Tsinghua until its transfer to Peking University in autumn 1952.During this period,it employed 17 faculty and staff members and enrolled 36 students.Its program’s administration operated on three levels:Governmental,i.e.an Eastern European exchange student working group comprised of relevant ministry personnel;Institutional,i.e.a guidance committee for foreign students,consisting of renowned scholars from the university;Departmental,i.e.the Chinese Language Specialization Program for Eastern European Exchange Students at Tsinghua University,administratively equivalent to a department,with Deng Yi overseeing teaching operations.The program adhered to two key principles:‘division of labor and cooperation’and‘democratic centralism’.In retrospect,this program not only cultivated a cohort of foreign students knowledgeable about and friendly towards China but also laid a solid foundation for the development of Chinese as a foreign language education.It holds a signifi cant p

关 键 词：清华大学 东欧交换生 中国语文专修班 组织架构 国际中文教育 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]