青海东部两次区域性大到暴雨的特征分析  

Analysis of the Characteristics of Two Regional Heavy Rainstorms in Eastern Qinghai Province

作　　者：李剑婕 张青梅[1] 谢天蓉 苏永玲[1] 廖淑君 Li Jianjie;Zhang Qingmei;Xie Tianrong;Su Yongling;Liao Shujun(Qinghai Meteorological Observatory,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象台,西宁810001

出　　处：《青海科技》2024年第3期120-126,共7页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省气象台科研项目(STZL2023-05)。

摘　　要：利用高空探测资料、ERA5再分析资料、卫星和雷达资料对比分析了2022年8月13日(简称“8.13”)和2023年9月6日(简称“9.6”)强降水过程,结果表明:(1)两次过程都是由副高边缘的西南暖湿气流与西风带波动中的冷空气交汇后造成的;存在2条水汽输送带,一条是高空槽前水汽带,另一条是副高外围东南气流水汽带;整层都为上升运动;低层受高温高湿气团控制,中高层有干冷空气入侵;降水云系主要为副高外围的切变线云系叠加高空冷槽尾部盾状低云,云顶亮温较低;以低质心暖云降水为主。(2)“8.13”前期高温高湿,存储了更多的不稳定能量,配合有更深厚的湿层和更强的上升运动,降水效率更高。分析结果可为今后类似区域性大到暴雨天气过程预报提供参考依据。The characteristics of heavy precipitation on August 13,2022(referred to as“8.13”)and on September 6,2023(referred to as“9.6”)were compared and analyzed using upper air detection data,ERA5 reanalysis data,satellite and radar data.The results showed that:(1)both processes were caused by the intersection of the warm and humid air in the southwest at the edge of the subtropical high and the cold air in the westerlies.There were two water vapor conveyor belts,one of which was the water vapor belt in front of the upper trough,and the other was the southeast air vapor belt around the subtropical high.The ascending motion occurred throughout the whole layer.The lower level was controlled by high temperature and high humidity air mass,while dry cold air invaded the middle and upper floors.The precipitation cloud system was mainly composed of the shear line cloud system at the periphery of the subtropical high and shield low cloud at the tail of the upper cold trough,and the brightness temperature of the cloud top is low.The precipitation was dominated by low quality core warm cloud.(2)The high temperature and high humidity in the early period of“8.13”resulted in more unstable energy being stored.Combined with a deeper wet layer and stronger upward movement,the precipitation efficiency was higher.The analysis results provided a reference for the prediction of similar regional heavy to heavy rain weather processes in the future.

关 键 词：大到暴雨 青海东部 对比分析 温湿特征 

分 类 号：P458.12[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]