农业巨灾保险气象理赔指数设计  

Design of Meteorological Claim Index for Agricultural Catastrophe Insurance

作　　者：袁冬美 洪文平 Yuan Dongmei;Hong Wenping(Yingtan Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province,Yingtan 335000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省鹰潭市气象局,鹰潭335000

出　　处：《青海科技》2024年第3期167-174,共8页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：江西省吉安市生态气象重点实验室重点资助项目(2021JEM101)。

摘　　要：气象灾害是造成农业巨灾的主要灾害之一,设计农业巨灾保险气象理赔指数,可以为开展农业巨灾保险提供技术支撑。文章利用鹰潭市3个区(市)国家气象站1991—2020年和区域气象站2015—2020年观测资料,结合鹰潭气候以及气象灾害出现特点,经专家咨询和调研,确定暴雨、干旱、大风和低温冻害等4种气象灾害作为鹰潭农业巨灾保险的气象灾种。根据不同灾害出现的气候概率以及投保单位的要求,设计鹰潭市农业巨灾保险不同等级的气象理赔指数;研究结果确定的4种气象灾害理赔指数,可根据客观气象数据决定是否理赔,不仅科学透明,同时指数化保险不但免去核灾过程的工作量和成本,还可以优化缩减赔付过程中的许多中间环节,有效避免了核灾过程中保险公司与投保人可能出现的争议以及道德风险。以2022年鹰潭市出现历史罕见的干旱为例,文章研究成果经受了实践检验,以乡镇为基本区域的干旱灾害保险气象理赔指数实际表现适用性良好。Meteorological disaster is one of the main disasters that cause agricultural catastrophe.The design of meteorological claim index of agricultural catastrophe insurance can provide technical support for developing agricultural catastrophe insurance.Based on the observation data of national meteorological stations in 3 districts(cities)of Yingtan City from 1991 to 2020 and regional meteorological stations from 2015 to 2020,combined with the characteristics of climate and meteorological disasters in Yingtan City,this paper determined four kinds of meteorological disasters such as rainstorm,drought,gale and low temperature and freezing damage as meteorological disasters for Yingtan agricultural catastrophe insurance through expert consultation and investigation.According to the climatic probability of different disasters and the requirements of insurance units,the meteorological claim index of different grades of agricultural catastrophe insurance in Yingtan City was designed.The results showed that the compensation index of four kinds of meteorological disasters was scientific and transparent in determining whether to settle claims based on objective meteorological data.This system not only streamlined the compensation process by reducing intermediate steps but also enhanced transparency and scientific rigor in the decision-making for claims,thus mitigating the potential for disputes and moral hazards in the disaster assessment.It has been tested that in 2022,Yingtan City has a rare drought in history,and the meteorological claim index of drought disaster insurance based on towns and villages has good applicability.

关 键 词：气象理赔指数 农业巨灾 灾害等级 农业保险 

分 类 号：F840.64[经济管理—保险] F840.66