突破价值链网络化制裁——企业结构性权力与中美中间品贸易  

Managing Networked Sanctions on Value Chains:The Structural Power of Enterprises and the Sino-US Intermediate Goods Trade

作　　者：吴限 Wu Xian(School of International Studies,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2024年第8期69-98,156,共31页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：在国际经贸关系与经济制裁实践中,关税传统上体现为对最终品设置贸易壁垒,旨在限制目标国出口并增加其经济成本。2018年以来,美国对中国加征的新型关税在形式上针对中间品贸易、在目的上企图使中国从全球价值链中脱嵌,体现出价值链网络化制裁的特征。值得注意的是,美国对华价值链网络化制裁在不同产业之间的烈度存在较大差异,如中美医药产业之间的向后连接体现出较强韧性,信息技术产业却遭受了重大冲击,这种差异辐射到了整个中美经贸格局中。通过挖掘逐利行为体企业和逐权行为体国家的相互关系,作者尝试构筑以常驻美国企业为核心的国内政治解释框架:常驻美国企业借助其在美国国内的两种结构性权力以对抗和制约美国政府将经济关系武器化的行为,即企业在美国政府决策结构中的参与性权力及其在政治议程结构中的议价性权力。在“铁锈带”以外的非战略产业中,企业若能掌握两种结构性权力中的一种,便能够降低价值链网络化制裁烈度并减轻其对中美经贸格局的负面滞后效应。而在“铁锈带”之外的战略产业中,企业必须同时掌握两种结构性权力,才能有效缓解价值链网络化制裁并推进中美中间品贸易的发展。In the context of international economic and trade relations and the practice of economic sanctions,tariffs traditionally manifest as trade barriers on final goods,aiming to restrict the target country's exports and increase its economic costs.Since 2018,the new tariffs on China target intermediate goods trade with the intention of decoupling China from the global value chain,reflecting the characteristics of networked sanctions on value chains.Notably,the intensity of the US networked sanctions against China on value chains varies significantly across different industries and has widespread effects throughout the entire Sino-US economic and trade structure:the backward linkages between the US and Chinese pharmaceutical industries exhibit strong resilience,while the information and communications technology industry has suffered significant impacts.By exploring the interrelations between profit-seeking enterprises and power-seeking states,the author attempts to construct a domestic political explanation that centers on US-based firms:the US-based enterprises leverage their two types of structural power within the US domestic context to counteract and constrain the US government's economic weaponization actions-participatory power within the decision-making structure and bargaining power within the political agenda structure.The study finds that in non-strategic industries outside the Rust Belt,if enterprises possess at least one type of structural power,they can reduce the intensity of networked sanctions on value chains and mitigate their negative lagged effects on the US-China economic and trade structure.However,in strategic industries outside the Rust Belt,enterprises must possess both types of structural power to effectively alleviate networked sanctions on value chains and promote the development of intermediate goods trade between China and the US.

关 键 词：价值链网络化制裁 企业结构性权力 中间品贸易 中美经贸摩擦 大国战略竞争 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]