李盛铎等人窃取敦煌写卷的证据  

The Evidence of Stealing Dunhuang Scrolls by Li Shengduo and the Others

作　　者：徐浩 Xu Hao(Library,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学图书馆,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第7期106-125,共20页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(20VJXT012);国家社科基金一般项目(22BZS094)。

摘　　要：作为困扰敦煌学界一百多年的公案,李盛铎等人窃取甘肃解京敦煌写卷一事还缺乏关键性证据,即如何证明李盛铎等人的占有行为并非正当。调查取证的对象不在于被盗写卷本身,而在于当时为了掩盖盗窃行为而被撕裂充数留存在中国国家图书馆中的敦煌残卷。通过对两组断裂数量最多的国图藏卷的实证分析,可以发现它们在古代使用时间不长,断裂方式非常一致,纸张长度普遍接近,千字文号相对集中,残卷之间的撕裂痕迹明显呈现出人为故意的特征;与此相似,其他34组包含6号以上、能够直接缀合的北敦13800号以前的国图残卷也呈现出惊人一致的特征。这些数量庞大、被人为撕裂的残卷,正是李盛铎等人有组织地掩盖自己非法窃取敦煌写卷的关键证据。新见档案所见原解经委员武向晨题跋中自述的解京写卷装运细节,也为李盛铎等人为何采用上述撕裂方式提供了重要的文献佐证。It is well known that Li Shengduo and the others stole Dunhuang scrolls transported from Gansu to Beijing,which is a big case in the academic history of Dunhuang.Previous research is based on historical information retold by outsiders.Although many people reach the consensus,the facts and details are still unclear,and it is difficult to make a definitive case.The key to solving the case lies in proving that the possessions of Li Shengduo and the others was not legitimate.The focus of investigation and evidence collection does not lie in the stolen scrolls themselves,but on the Dunhuang fragments preserved in the National Library of China,which were torn to cover up the theft.Any fragment that shows the obvious sign of being torn and can be directly pieced together are immediate evidence of the theft.By analysing two groups of Dunhuang scrolls in the collection of the NLC,namely BD4416+BD4438+BD4410+BD4408+BD4474+BD4503+BD4514+BD4328+BD4349+BD4521+BD4340+BD4347+BD4455+BD4513+BD4754+BD4760+BD4436(the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra,Fascicle Fifty-two)and BD2376+BD2356+BD2734+BD2570+BD2395+BD2434+BD2783+BD2388+BD2396+BD2786+BD2374+BD2518+BD2703+BD2702+BD2652+BD2398+BD2402+BD2428+BD2414+BD2640+BD2772(the Lotus Sūtra,Fascicle Two),it can be found that each group of the torn scroll was used for a very short period of time,and that the manner of breakage is very similar,the length of each fragment is roughly close to that of the others,and the characters of the Qianziwen(千字文)that encode the fragments are relatively centralized.The sign of being torn between the fragments clearly show the characteristics of human intentionality.Similar to the two cases mentioned above,the other 34 groups,totaling 275 fragments with more than six fragments in each group,also show striking similarities in terms of the length of the fragments,their state of preservation,how they were torn up,and the distribution of the characters of the Qianziwen.These huge numbers of artificially torn fragments are typical evidence of the organized e

关 键 词：李盛铎 敦煌写卷 缀合 武向晨题跋 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学] K26[历史地理—历史学]