基于太阳能电推进的小行星动力推离方案设想及处置策略  

Scheme assumption and disposal strategy study of asteroid dynamic push away based on solar electric propulsion

作　　者：彭玉明[1,2] 薛璐瑶 耿志卿 陆希 PENG YuMing;XUE LuYao;GENG ZhiQing;LU Xi(Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Technology,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109 [2]上海市深空探测技术重点实验室,上海201109

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第8期1485-1495,共11页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：科工局空间碎片与小行星专项预研项目(编号:KJSP2020020301)资助。

摘　　要：近地小行星对地球构成了潜在的撞击威胁,如何有效可控地实施防御方案成为近年来的热点问题.采用电推进的动力推离在轨处置方法能够以持续作用的方式改变小行星的轨道,使小行星的可控偏转成为可能.面向未来小行星防御偏转需求,本文提出了一种以太阳能电推进为基础的分布式小行星动力推离处置方案设想.通过能源与推进系统的分布式部署,实现能源供应与偏转变轨的综合效能优化.在此方案基础上,针对不同自转特性的小行星,提出了三种附着部署与偏转处置策略,对比分析了电推开机阈值角度、推力矢量调节等参数对偏转效果的影响.研究发现,基于太阳能电推进的动力推离处置策略能够使百米级尺寸的近地小行星产生偏转,该研究可为近地小行星防御提供方案参考.Near-Earth asteroids pose a potential impact threat to the Earth,and how to effectively and controllably implement defense programs has become a hot issue in recent years.The dynamic push away disposal method using electric propulsion can change the orbit of the asteroid in a sustained manner,making it possible to control the deflection of the asteroid.In order to meet the needs of asteroid defense deflection in the future,this study proposes a distributed asteroid dynamic push away disposal scheme based on solar electric propulsion.Through the distributed deployment of energy system and propulsion system,the comprehensive efficiency optimization of energy supply and orbit deflection is realized.On the basis of this scheme,three kinds of attached deployment and deflection disposal strategies are proposed for asteroids with different rotation characteristics,and the effects of electric propulsion switch threshold angle,thrust vector adjustment,and other parameters on asteroid deflection effect are compared and analyzed.It is found that the dynamic push away disposal strategy based on solar electric propulsion can deflect near-Earth asteroids with the size of 100 m,and this study can provide a reference for near-earth asteroid defense.

关 键 词：小行星防御 动力推离 太阳能电推进 轨道偏转 

分 类 号：P185.7[天文地球—天文学] V439.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]