脉冲激光超快时间分辨方法在岩石力学领域的应用与进展  

Applications and state-of-the-art review of pulsed laser ultrafast time-resolution method in the field of rock mechanics

作　　者：李英骏[1,3] 张鸣原 何满潮[1] LI YingJun;ZHANG MingYuan;HE ManChao(State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第8期1549-1562,共14页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

摘　　要：脉冲激光成像技术是一种利用脉冲激光短脉冲半高宽(FWHM)特性提高记录极短时间间隔物理过程时间分辨率的方法.它在锁模技术、啁啾脉冲放大技术(CPA)以及腔外脉冲压缩技术等相继出现后可以将成像的时间分辨率压缩到阿秒级别(10^(-18)s);并且激光成像技术已经被应用在生物、化学、电动力学等需要超快时间分辨率的领域.在岩石断裂、爆破等过程中裂纹的扩展速度接近声速,整个室内实验中的时间间隔仅持续数十微秒.传统的高速摄影通过不断增加单位时间连续曝光数的方法已经达到了技术瓶颈,亟须一种新的方法突破记录手段的时间分辨率极限.本文对脉冲激光超快时间分辨方法在岩石力学领域的应用与进展进行了系统性综述,包括以下四个方面:阐述超快脉冲激光的发展过程与应用现状;在总结岩石力学中高应变率、动力学相关问题的基础上,回顾总结传统高速摄影在这类问题中的应用与进展;将脉冲激光超快时间分辨方法与传统高速摄影进行对比,总结脉冲激光超快时间分辨方法在解决这些问题的优势;最后对脉冲激光超快时间分辨技术在未来解决具有极短物理过程的岩石力学室内实验方面进行了讨论与展望.Pulsed laser imaging technology is well-suited for recording physical processes at extremely short time intervals,achieving time resolutions on the order of attoseconds(10^(–18) s),owing to advancements in mode-locking technology,chirped pulse amplification,and extra-cavity pulse compression.And the pulsed laser imaging technology has already been applied in biology,chemistry,electrodynamics,and other fields that require ultrafast time-resolution method.In the process of rock fracture,blasting,etc.,the crack propagation rate is close to the speed of sound,and the time interval in indoor experiments lasts only few microseconds.Conventional high-speed photography by continuously increasing the number of consecutive exposures per unit time has reached its technical bottleneck,and a new method is urgently needed to break through the limit of time-resolution of the recording method.A systematic review of the application and state-of-the-art of pulsed laser ultrafast time-resolution technology in the field of rock mechanics was provided in this paper over the following aspects:(1)the development process and application of ultra-short pulsed laser are introduced;(2)on the basis of summarizing the issues related to high strain rate and dynamics in rock mechanics,the application and progress of traditional high-speed photography in such problems are reviewed;and(3)the pulsed laser ultrafast time-resolution method is compared with it,and the results are summarized in this paper.The advantages of pulsed laser ultrafast time-resolution method in solving these problems are summarized.Finally,the advantages of the pulsed laser ultrafast time-resolution method in solving laboratory experiments of rock mechanics with very short physical processes are discussed and prospected in the future.

关 键 词：超短脉冲激光 超快时间分辨方法 岩石力学 室内实验 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]