从公共道德到公民道德:江苏近代公园设计中的“公德”实践与观念演进  

From Social Morality to Civil Virtue:The Practice of Gong-de and the Evolution of the Idea in Park Design in Modern Jiangsu

作　　者：周予希 ZHOU Yu-xi(Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444)

机构地区：[1]上海大学上海美术学院,上海200444

出　　处：《艺术百家》2024年第3期146-153,共8页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：2023年度上海市白玉兰人才计划浦江项目资助“观念流变与实践演进:百年上海乡村文化景观设计变迁研究”(项目编号:2023PJC051)阶段性成果;2024年度上海大学青年英才启航计划“中国式现代景观设计观念的发生与早期演进”(项目编号:N.13-G210-24-279)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：有关游园道德的晚清辩论,触发了中国近代思想界与造园领域公德观念的觉醒。20世纪初,江苏(含今上海部分区域)营建了大量公园,其设计实践始终和公德观念的变迁协同演进。通过图、文、物的互证解读发现,江苏近代的公园设计,其公德实践经历了从制定游园规章到植入社会教育空间,再到景观空间与游览体验共同营造政治教化场所的转变。这源于同时期的公德观念发生了从“公共道德”(社会公德)到“公民道德”(政治公德)的本土化转向,并延续至今。因此,这为中国近代园林转型的本土化特征提供了有力注脚。The debate on social morality triggered by visiting parks in late-Qing,drew the attention of the modern Chinese thought circle and garden-making community.In the early 20th century,Jiangsu(including parts of present-day Shanghai) built a large number of native parks,whose design has been evolving in concert with the localization of the idea of Gong-de.Through the mutual proof of pictures,texts and practice,it found that the the practice of Gong-de of park design in modern Jiangsu witnessed the change from the development of park regulations to the addition of social education spaces,and then to the joint creation of a political site by landscape spaces and tour experiences.This is because the idea of Gong-de has undergone a shift from public morality(social Gong-de) to civil virtue(political Gong-de) during the same period.Thus,it provides a strong footnote for the localization trends in the modernization of gardens in China.

关 键 词：公园设计 公德观念 近代江苏 公共道德 公民道德 

分 类 号：J50[艺术—艺术设计]