权力下放、体制吸纳与民族分离治理——对法国和意大利五个地区的分析  

Decentralization,Institutional Absorption,and Governance on Ethnic Separation:An Analysis of Five Regions in France and Italy

作　　者：许川[1] Chuan Xu

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院,南京211189

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第4期52-64,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“英国非对称民族政策的实践机理及演变研究”(项目编号:22CMZ031);江苏省社会科学基金项目“当代欧洲主要国家分离主义治理的比较研究”(项目编号:22ZZD006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：长期以来,权力下放之于分离主义的功效备受关注和讨论。为进一步考察两者之间的内在逻辑,文章选取法国和意大利作为案例,通过对两个国家在权力下放类型和体制吸纳能力上的分析发现:侧重于行政的放权更有利于遇制分离主义发展势头,同时不对称模式比对称性模式更能满足不同地区的政治诉求,尤其是在传统政治纽带和由选举制度塑造的限制不起作用的情况下;当地方精英能被有效吸纳到中央政府参与国家治理,该地区的分离主义情绪将会被大大弱化,无论这种参与是借助政治协商达成(授予政府官职或将其主张纳入相关政策)还是依靠(在全国或地区层面的)政党联盟来实现。正是由于权力下放和体制吸纳的相互作用,保证了分离主义治理的有效性。The efficacy of devolution for separatism has long been a subject of concern and discussion.In order to further investigate the internal logic between the two,this paper selects France and Italy as cases,and finds out the following through the analysis of the decentralization types and institutional absorption capacity of the two countries:decentralization that focuses on the administration is more conducive to curbing the growth of separatism,while asymmetric models are better than symmetric models to meet the political demands of different regions,especially when traditional political ties and constraints shaped by electoral system do not work;when local elites can be effectively absorbed into the central government to participate in the governance of the country,separatist sentiment in the region will be greatly weakened,whether this participation is achieved through political negotiation(granting government posts or incorporating their views into relevant policies)or through party alliances(at the national or regional level).It is precisely because of the interaction of decentralization and institutional absorption that the effectiveness of governance on separatism is guaranteed.

关 键 词：法国 意大利 分离主义 权力下放 政党政治 体制能力 

分 类 号：D562[政治法律—政治学]