何以融合?心智障碍者的就业排斥及纾解路径研究  

How to Realize Social Inclusion?Employment Exclusion and Solution Paths for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

作　　者：廖娟[1] 葛婧也 LIAO Juan;GE Jingye

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学管理学院,北京100089

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2024年第4期78-88,共11页Disability Research

基　　金：北京高校师生服务新时代首都发展“双百行动计划”优秀示范项目“北京市心智障碍者就业调查研究”;北京市融爱融乐心智障碍者家庭支持中心委托课题“残疾人就业的成本收益研究”。

摘　　要：作为社会中处境最为不利的心智障碍群体,参与劳动力市场、拥有一份改善经济条件和身份认同的工作是他们实现社会融合的重要途径。然而,我国心智障碍群体就业处境仍然十分困难。已有研究较少对该群体的真实就业经历与困境进行剖析以找出有效应对之策,因此亟需探究心智障碍者就业排斥的形成机制及纾解路径。本文以社会排斥与社会融合理论为基础,通过调研北京市53位心智障碍者的就业情况,运用扎根理论研究方法分析后发现,心智障碍者面临的就业困境主要包括内部就业动机缺乏、外部就业环境限制和政策支持不足的问题。为了纾解心智障碍者所面临的就业排斥,本文构建了政府-机构-家庭三维就业支持的社会融合模型,阐释了心智障碍者实现社会融合的路径。该模型强调通过推动三方共同参与,能够在个体层面促进就业动机的形成,在社会层面营造无障碍就业环境,在国家政策层面保障就业政策落实,为心智障碍者就业保驾护航。For individuals with intellectual disabilities,a most disadvantaged group in society,participation in the labor market and obtaining a job that improves their economic conditions and sense of identity is a crucial pathway to social inclusion.However,the employment situation for this group in China remains extremely challenging.Existing research has rarely delved into this group's actual employment experiences and challenges to identify effective coping strategies.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the mechanisms of employment exclusion and solution paths for this group.Based on the theories of social exclusion and inclusion,we investigated the employment situations of 53 individuals with intellectual disabilities in Beijing,and analyzed the investigation data using grounded theory methodology,then found that the employment challenges faced by these individuals mainly included a lack of intrinsic employment motivation,extrinsic employment environmental constraints,and insufficient policy support.To alleviate the employment exclusion,we constructed a social inclusion model with a government-institution-family support system.The model presents the paths of social inclusion for individuals with intellectual disabilities,and emphasizes that promoting the joint participation of the three parties can enhance intrinsic employment motivation at the individual level,create an inclusive employment environment at the societal level,and ensure the implementation of employment policies at the national policy level,thereby safeguarding the employment for this group.

关 键 词：心智障碍 就业 就业排斥 纾解路径 

分 类 号：C913.69[经济管理]