湿气发电技术研究进展  

Progress of moisture generation technology

作　　者：马广鑫 李伟曼[1] 周欣 陈运法[1,3] MA Guangxin;LI Weiman;ZHOU Xin;CHEN Yunfa(State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Materials Science and Optoelec-tronic Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院,北京100049

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第8期4490-4505,共16页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFC3702800)。

摘　　要：环境中蕴含着大量的低品位能,利用这种绿色能源开发离网分散式发电系统是补充日常用电的有效途径之一。湿气发电技术是一种利用功能材料与湿气相互作用从中收集能量的技术,近年来受到广泛关注和研究。本文回顾湿气发电技术发展历程,从湿气与发电材料的相互作用原理出发,汇总讨论了目前湿气发电机理的主流解释,包括离子扩散和流动电位等,并介绍了相关的验证工作;整合分析了吸湿发电层材料及其优势与不足,总结归纳了湿气发电机的结构及潜在应用领域;随后阐述了提高湿气发电机能量转换效率和输出功率的方法;最后,对湿气发电技术面临的主要挑战,提出了一些建议以解决存在的问题。湿气发电技术的不断发展将为绿色能源领域带来新的可能性,并推动离网分散式发电系统的可持续发展。Harvesting a large amount of low-grade energy in the atmospheric moisture and developing an off-grid distributed power generation system is one of the effective ways to supplement daily electricity consumption.Moisture generation technology involves utilizing functional materials that interact with moisture to harvest energy from the environment.This technology has garnered considerable attention and research in recent years.This paper presented a retrospective of the development history of moisture generation technology.The interaction principle between moisture and power generation materials was firstly introduced.The prevailing mainstream explanations for the moisture generation mechanism,such as ion diffusion and streaming potential,were comprehensively overviewed and analyzed.The integration of moisture absorption power generation layers was investigated,encompassing an assessment of their merits and demerits.The structure and potential application fields of moisture generators were also summarized.Furthermore,the strategies to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of moisture generators and expand their output power were elaborated.Lastly,the paper addressed the main challenges faced by moisture generation technology and offered recommendations to address prevailing issues.The continuous advancement of moisture generation technology promised to introduce novel possibilities in the realm of green energy and facilitate the sustainable evolution of off-grid decentralized power generation systems.

关 键 词：湿气发电 湿电效应 离子扩散 流动电位 清洁能源 

分 类 号：O6-1[理学—化学]