迟到的春天与名作的诞生——论韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外二首》诗意及相关诗学问题  

The Delayed Spring and the Birth of a Masterpiece——An Analysis of Han Yu's“Early Spring Written for Secretary Zhang Ji(Two Poems)”and Its Poetic Implications

作　　者：吴怀东[1] Wu Huaidong

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2024年第8期194-207,282,共15页Social Science Front

基　　金：安徽省社会科学规划项目(AHSKY2019D118)。

摘　　要：“草色遥看近却无”是韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外二首》(其一)诗中佳句,对长安早春灵动风景的独特发现与刻画备受后代诗论家赞誉。其实,韩愈和唐代其他诗人一样,热爱早春的细雨绿草,也热爱春深的万紫千红和曲江烟柳。长庆三年(823),春寒料峭之中的“草色遥看近却无”,不仅景色独特,而且十分珍贵,因为草色泛绿透露出身处那个寒冷早春的人们期待已久的冬去春来的消息。此诗实是因春天迟到的意外“气候事件”而产生的名作。宋代以来,学者自觉接受韩愈“惟陈言之务去”的诗学理念,建构诗学范式,并依此理念片面解读此诗内涵及其艺术创新,认为韩愈只是喜爱“草色遥看近却无”的景象。从普遍意义上看,诗歌是个人生命感受最感性、最具个性和最丰富的表达,对经典作品复杂内涵的解读必须充分考虑作家独特个性与时代共性的交融、理论与创作的异同,乃至地理环境、季节、天气、物候等外在自然条件偶然变化所造成的复杂影响。“草色遥看近却无”(“Green grass can be perceived afar but not near by”)is a celebrated line from Han Yu's poem“Early Spring Written for Secretary Zhang Ji”.This line vividly captures the delicate scenery of early spring in Chang'an,earning high praise from subsequent poetry critics.Like other Tang Dynasty poets,Han Yu cherished not only the fine drizzle and green grass of early spring but also the vibrant blossoms and willows of late spring in Qujiang.In the third year of the Changqing era(823 AD),the unique and precious sight of“Green grass can be perceived afar but not near by”emerged due to the late arrival of spring.This climatic anomaly inspired Han Yu to compose this notable poem.Since the Song Dynasty,scholars have embraced Han Yu's poetic principle of“discarding old expressions”,constructing a poetic paradigm based on this idea.Consequently,they have narrowly interpreted the poem's meaning and artistic innovation,assuming that Han Yu merely appreciated the subtle early spring scenery depicted by“Green grass can be perceived afar but not near by”.However,poetry,in its broadest sense,is the most sensitive,individual,and rich expression of personal life experiences.To comprehensively understand classic works,it is essential to consider the interaction between a poet's unique personality and the common characteristics of their era,the divergence between theoretical ideals and creative practices,and the influence of external natural conditions such as geography,seasons,weather,and phenological changes.

关 键 词：《早春呈水部张十八员外二首》 韩愈 诗学理念 “绝胜” 天气 物候 误读 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]