桥梁结构抗危险化学品爆炸的结构安全性分析  

Structual Safety Analysis on the Response of Bridge Structure Anainst Dangerous Chemical Explosion

作　　者：和海芳 周雨龙 程寿山[1] 刘红义 HE Hai-fang;ZHOU Yu-long;CHENG Shou-shan;LIU Hong-yi(National Engineering Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Technology(Beijing),Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部公路科学研究院桥梁结构安全技术国家工程实验室(北京),北京市100088

出　　处：《公路》2024年第8期184-190,共7页Highway

基　　金：桥梁结构安全技术国家工程实验室(北京)开放课题,项目编号2020-GJKFKT-8;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目,项目编号2021-9052b。

摘　　要：化学品道路运输安全事故容易引发爆炸,而爆炸荷载对桥梁结构会产生不同程度的破坏效应。从危险化学品的理化特性和包装方式入手,将危险化学品的爆炸方式分为化学爆炸和物理爆炸两种,通过计算等效TNT当量和爆炸冲击波超压来定性评价爆炸对结构的安全性影响,并以液化石油气道路运输为例,分析了危险化学品道路运输在追尾和侧翻等典型事故状态下发生化学爆炸和物理爆炸对桥梁结构的影响。为了进一步验证定性判定方法的可靠性以及定量分析危险化学品爆炸对桥梁结构的破坏作用,在定性分析的基础上,以既有混凝土连续刚构桥为依托开展桥梁抗危险化学品爆炸安全性的有限元仿真分析,分析结果显示定性和定量方法的结论基本一致,方法可为危险化学品道路运输的安全评价提供有效支撑。Road transportation accidents with dangerous chemicals are easy to cause explosions,and the explosion load will have different degrees of damage effect on the bridge structures.In the paper,starting from the physical and chemical properties and packaging methods of hazardous chemicals,the explosion methods of hazardous chemicals are analyzed,including chemical explosion and physical explosion,and the impact of explosion on structure safety is qualitatively evaluated by calculating equivalent TNT equivalent and over-pressure of explosion shock wave.Taking liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) on road transportation as an example,the influence of chemical and physical explosions on bridge structure during the road transportation of hazardous chemicals under typical accident conditions such as rear-end collision and rollover are analyzed.In order to further verify the reliability of the qualitative determination method and quantitatively analyze the damage effect of the explosion of dangerous chemicals on the bridge structure,based on the qualitative analysis,the finite element simulation of the safety analysis of the bridge in response to the explosion of dangerous chemicals is carried out based on the existing concrete continuous rigid frame bridge,and the safety situation of the bridge in the explosion of liquefied petroleum gas road transportation is analyzed.The analysis results show that the conclusions of qualitative and quantitative methods are basically the same.The method can effectively support the safety evaluation and security of road transport of dangerous chemicals,and has a wide range of social significance and application value.

关 键 词：桥梁安全与事故 危险化学品 化学爆炸 物理爆炸 等效TNT当量 超压准则 

分 类 号：U447[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]