高水压高应力岩石动态响应特性试验研究  

Experimental study on dynamic response characteristics of rocks under high water pressures and high stresses

作　　者：金解放[1] 方立兴 王宇 熊慧颖 肖莜丰 彭孝旺 JIN Jiefang;FANG Lixing;WANG Yu;XIONG Huiying;XIAO Youfeng;PENG Xiaowang(School of Civil and Surveying Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2024年第8期1821-1838,共18页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174112);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232ACB204015)。

摘　　要：深部岩体工程处于高水压和高应力环境中;工程岩体的动态响应特性深受赋存环境的影响,是深部岩体工程爆破设计与施工的重要基础。为研究深部高水压环境下岩石动态响应特性,采用自主研制的高水压高应力岩石动力学测试系统,设置4个轴向静应力和9个水压力等级,模拟工程岩体赋存环境,对红砂岩进行冲击试验。基于入射波、反射波和透射波计算岩石应力和应变数据,研究水压力和轴向静应力对岩石动态应力–应变曲线和动态峰值应力的影响。综合考虑岩石应力–应变曲线峰前和峰后阶段能量转换特性,利用能量演化参数定义岩石突水倾向性指数。分析岩石动态残余应力、残余应变、突水倾向性指数和波阻抗与水压力的关系,构建动态峰值应力强化系数、残余应力、残余应变、突水倾向性指数和波阻抗与水压力,以及动态峰值应力与轴向静应力的演化经验模型;探索高水压和高应力对岩石动态强度和变形特性的影响机制。研究结果表明,随着水压力上升,岩石动态应力–应变曲线逐渐由Ⅰ型向Ⅱ型转变。相同轴向静应力工况下,岩石动态峰值应力强化系数、残余应力和波阻抗随水压力的增加先快速上升后缓慢上升,突水倾向性指数和残余应变随水压力增大而减小。相同水压力作用下,岩石动态峰值应力随轴向静应力的增加而减小。高压水对岩石动态强度具有双重作用,即“水楔效应”促进裂纹扩展,降低岩石强度,而Stefan效应等黏性效应和外部围压水阻碍孔隙结构的破坏,对动态强度有增强作用,2种效应相互博弈,共同影响深部高水压环境下岩石动态响应特性。研究结果有利于深部高水压环境下工程岩体爆破开挖及围岩体稳定性分析。Deep rock mass engineering is in high water pressure and high stress environment,its response characteristics are significantly influenced by the environmental conditions,which is an important basis for deep rock mass engineering blasting design and construction.In order to investigate the dynamic response characteristics of the rock under deep high water pressure environment,impact tests were carried out on red sandstone based on a self-developed high water pressure and high stress rock dynamic testing system,and 4 axial static stresses and 9 water pressure levels were set to simulate the occurrence environment of engineering rock mass.The effects of water pressure and axial static stress on the dynamic stress-strain curve and dynamic peak stress of rock were investigated by calculating dynamic stress and strain data of rock based on incident,reflected and transmitted waves.The prepeak and post-peak energy conversion characteristics of stress-strain curves were considered comprehensively,and the water-inrush tendency index of rocks was defined by energy evolution parameters.The relationships between rock dynamic residual stress,residual strain,water inrush tendency index and wave impedance with water pressure were analyzed,the empirical models of dynamic peak stress strengthening coefficient,residual stress,residual strain,water inrush tendency index,wave impedance and water pressure,as well as dynamic peak stress and axial static stress were constructed.The influence mechanisms of high water pressure and high stress on the dynamic strength and deformation characteristics of rock were explored.The results show that the dynamic stress-strain curves of rock gradually change from type Ⅰ to type Ⅱ with the rise of water pressure.Under the same axial static stress,the dynamic peak stress strengthening coefficient,residual stress and wave impedance of the rock increase rapidly at first and then slowly with increasing water pressure,and the water inrush tendency index and residual strain decrease with the increase

关 键 词：岩石力学 高水压 应力–应变曲线 强度与变形 能量演化 波阻抗 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]