施磷对春玉米磷肥利用及土壤磷素转化的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Utilization of Spring Maize and Soil Phosphorus Transformation

作　　者：郝中明 刘杭[1,2] 李翠兰 谢修鸿[3] 高强 HAO Zhongming;LIU Hang;LI Cuilan;XIE Xiuhong;GAO Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in JilinProvince,Changchun 130118,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Changchun University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [3]长春大学园林学院,长春130022

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第4期600-607,共8页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200205,2017YFD0300608);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-38);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170101070JC)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究施磷对春玉米产量、根系生长、植株磷素积累与转移、磷素利用效率以及土壤磷库转化的影响,为东北典型黑土区玉米磷肥减施增效调控途径提供科学依据。结果表明:随施磷量增加玉米子粒产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,施磷处理增产9.1%~15.0%,而施磷处理间差异不显著;施磷有助于增加玉米根系数、改善玉米根系形态,有利于玉米根系下扎和侧向伸展;根系活力受施磷量的影响程度较大,过量施磷会严重降低根系活力,而在农民习惯施肥基础上适当减磷则对根系活力影响不大;施磷可以增加玉米植株磷素的吸收,提高玉米子粒磷素的积累量;春玉米磷肥利用率、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学效率、磷素吸收效率均随施磷量的增加而降低;通过磷分级可以发现,土壤无机磷组分和有机磷组分含量均随施磷量的增加而增加。施用磷肥主要提高土壤有效性无机磷源和潜性有机磷源的相对含量,而对土壤潜性无机磷源和有效性有机磷源的相对含量影响较小。因此,结合磷素盈余量和磷肥利用率等指标,在此试验条件下,磷肥施用量约60 kg/hm^(2)较为适宜,既达到了“黄金玉米带”的高产稳产,又实现了磷肥减施增效。Through pot experiments,the effects of phosphorus application on spring maize yield,root growth,phosphorus accumulation,phosphorus transfer,phosphorus utilization efficiency and soil phosphorus pool transformation were studied,which provides a scientific basis for reducing and in⁃creasing phosphorus fertilizer application rate in maize in typical black soil areas of Northeast China.The results showed that grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of phospho⁃rus application rate,varying from 9.1%to 15.0%,and the difference between phosphorus application treatments was not significant.Phosphorus application helped to increase the number of maize roots and improve their morphology.It is beneficial to downward rooting and lateral extension of maize roots.Root vitality was greatly affected by the amount of phosphorus application.Excessive phospho⁃rus application seriously reduced root vitality,while reducing phosphorus appropriately on the basis of farmers'habit of fertilization had little effect on root vitality.Phosphorus application could in⁃crease the absorption of phosphorus in maize plants and increase the accumulation of phosphorus in maize grains.Spring maize phosphorus utilization efficiency,phosphorus fertilizer partial productiv⁃ity,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic efficiency,and phosphorus utilization efficiency decreased with the increase of phosphorus application.Through phosphorus classification,it was found that the con⁃tent of inorganic phosphorus components and organic phosphorus components of soil increased with the increase of phosphorus application.The application of phosphate fertilizer mainly improved the relative content of inorganic phosphorus source and latent organic phosphorus source,but had little effect on the relative content of potential inorganic phosphorus source and available organic phospho⁃rus source.Therefore,combining indicators such as phosphorus surplus and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,under the test conditions,the applicati

关 键 词：磷肥 玉米 产量 根系活力 磷素利用率 土壤磷组分 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]