《莫氏宗谱》微生物病害调查及真菌产纤维素酶能力研究  

Investigation of Microbial Diseases and Cellulase Production Capacity of Fungi in “The Genealogy of Mo Clan”

作　　者：赵晶 田双娥 赵旭铭 李思明 Zhao Jing;Tian Shuang’e;Zhao Xuming;Li Siming

机构地区：[1]广西民族博物馆,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《文博学刊》2024年第3期108-118,共11页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

基　　金：广西民族博物馆2021年科研课题“馆藏纸质文物民国《莫氏宗谱》微生物病害调查及危害机制研究”(项目编号:KYKT202104)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：广西民族博物馆藏纸质文物《莫氏宗谱》微生物病害研究采用无菌拭子采集微生物样品,分离出真菌7株,利用形态学观察和分子生物学的鉴定方法,将7株真菌分别鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus:MO2–2、MO26–1),枝孢属(Cladosporium:MO19–1)、炭角菌科(Xylariaceae:MO19–2)、耙齿菌属(Irpex:MO2–1)、平格菌属(Phanerochaete:MO45)、节菱孢霉属(Arthrinium:MO60)。通过刚果红染色鉴定法初筛得到4株可以在刚果红鉴定培养基上产生透明圈的菌株,分别为MO2–2、MO19–1、MO19–2和MO26–1。采用3,5–二硝基水杨酸法(DNS法)测定纤维素酶活(CMC酶活力),MO2–2、MO19–1、MO26–1的纤维素酶活分别为0.25 U/mL、0.37 U/mL、0.19 U/mL;进一步的修复用纸崩解率测定结果表明,MO2–2、MO19–1、MO26–1的修复用纸崩解率分别为0.7%、0.4%、0.9%。此外,纤维素含量测定结果表明,《莫氏宗谱》本体和修复用纸的纤维素含量分别为763.56 mg/g和845.94 mg/g。因此,从《莫氏宗谱》表面分离获得的2株曲霉属(MO2–2、MO26–1)和1株枝孢属(MO19–1)真菌具备降解纤维素的能力,通过产生纤维素酶降解文物本体和修复用纸,从而对纸张产生一定的破坏作用。该研究结果为微生物损害纸质文物的机制研究提供了数据支撑,可为南方地区制订馆藏纸质文物相关保护措施提供指导。This study investigated the microbial diseases of the paper-based artifact“The Genealogy of Mo Clan”in the Anthropology Museum of Guangxi.Sterile swabs were used to collect microbial samples.Seven strains of fungi were isolated.Through morphological observation and identification methods of molecular biology,the seven strains of fungi were identified as belonging to the following genera or family:Aspergillus(MO2–2 and MO26–1),Cladosporium(MO19–1),Xylariaceae(MO19–2),Irpex(MO2–1),Phanerochaete(MO45),and Arthrinium(MO60).Four strains,MO2–2,MO19–1,MO19–2,and MO26–1,which could produce hyaline rings on Congo red identification medium,were obtained by initial screening with the Congo red staining identification method.Cellulase activity(CMC enzyme activity)was determined by the 3,5–dinitrosalicylic acid method(DNS method),and the enzyme activities of MO2–2,MO19–1,MO26–1 were 0.25 U/mL,0.37 U/mL,and 0.19 U/mL,respectively.The further testing results of the disintegration rate of the restoration paper showed that the disintegration rate of the restoration paper for MO2–2,MO19–1,and MO26–1 was 0.7%,0.4%,and 0.9%,respectively.In addition,the results of cellulose content measurement showed that the cellulose content of the original paper of"The Genealogy of Mo Clan"and the restoration paper were 763.56 mg/g and 845.94 mg/g,respectively.The two strains of Aspergillus spp.(MO2–2,MO26–1)and one strain of Mycosphaerella spp.(MO19–1),isolated from the surface of"The Genealogy of Mo Clan",have the ability to degrade cellulose and produce cellulases,thus degrade the original body of the artifact and the paper used for restoration,thereby causing some damages to the papers.The results of this study provide data support for the study of the mechanism of microbial damage to paper-based cultural relics,and provide guidance for the development of preservation measures related to paper-based cultural relics in collections in the southern region.

关 键 词：纸质文物 可培养微生物 真菌鉴定 纤维素 CMC 酶活力 

分 类 号：G264.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]