空间相机碳纤维主承力筒结构设计与分析  

Design and analysis of carbon fiber main load-bearing cylinder structure for space cameras

作　　者：刘旭 汪恒 刘晓丰 贾真 LIU Xu;WANG Heng;LIU Xiaofeng;JIA Zhen(Research and Design Department,Changchun Nationspace Optics Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]长春国宇光学科技有限公司研发设计部,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2024年第8期194-203,共10页Infrared and Laser Engineering

摘　　要：针对某空间相机光学系统研制了组合式碳纤维主承力筒结构,为降低整体质量进行了多工况多目标优化设计。首先建立了质量最小为目标函数的尺寸优化模型,得到主承力筒结构的最优尺寸参数;其次建立了前三阶加权基频最大为目标函数的铺层优化模型,确定了支撑杆和加强梁的最优铺层参数,对优化设计后的主承力筒进行了模态分析和随机振动分析,得到了理论一阶基频和次镜安装面响应;最后进行了动力学试验加以验证。结果表明:结构一阶基频为245.7 Hz,次镜安装面最大响应为6.56 grms,与有限元分析结果误差均在3%以内,验证了有限元计算模型的准确性和可靠性,优化设计后整体质量有效降低1.7 kg,降幅达到11.9%,为碳纤维主承力筒结构的轻量化设计提供了一种有效且可靠的方法。Objective The main load-bearing cylinder is one of the most important supporting structures in optical remote sensing satellites,which plays a role in determining the relative position accuracy of the primary and secondary mirror.Its mechanical performance indicators have a significant impact on the imaging quality of space cameras.Due to the long focal length of large aperture space cameras and the large distance between the primary and secondary mirrors,the axial size of the main load-bearing cylinder increases.Moreover,during ground installation and testing,the main load-bearing cylinder is mostly in a cantilever state,in a relatively harsh working environment.Simultaneously,it must withstand dynamic excitations such as vibrations,impacts,and accelerations generated during the rocket launch process.As the main load-bearing cylinder accounts for a large proportion of the mass in space cameras,in order to meet the design requirements of structural lightweighting,it is also necessary to optimize the design of the main load-bearing cylinder.Therefore,designing a main loadbearing cylinder with a reasonable structural form,high lightweight ratio,and high stiffness has become an important part of the structural design of coaxial space cameras.Methods Through the comparison of various material performance parameters,carbon fiber composite materials with high specific stiffness and low linear expansion coefficient were ultimately selected for the main load-bearing cylinder,and the basic structural form of the main load-bearing cylinder was designed(Fig.2).Then,finite element software was used for multiple load cases simulation analysis(Fig.5).Based on the analysis results,multi-objective and multiple load cases optimization design was carried out on the main load-bearing cylinder,aiming to reduce the structural mass while ensuring that the dynamic and static stiffness of the structure meets the design requirements.More reasonable structural parameters were determined through size optimization(Fig.7),the key structural

关 键 词：多目标优化 尺寸优化 加权基频 铺层优化 随机振动 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]