低轨碎片自然交会成像极限能力分析  

Analysis of Imaging Limit Capability for Natural Rendezvous of Low Earth Orbit Debris

作　　者：李亚茹 周亮[1,3] 刘朝晖[1,3] 折文集[1,3] 崔凯[1,2,3] LI Yaru;ZHOU Liang;LIU Zhaohui;SHE Wenji;CUI Kai(Xi′an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi′an 710119,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi′an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,西安710119 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院空间精密测量技术重点实验室,西安710119

出　　处：《光子学报》2024年第8期208-218,共11页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61805275)。

摘　　要：低轨空间碎片交会成像时,因观测角度的变化产生固有像移。利用空间物像点之间的映射关系构建像面位置方程,通过计算曝光时间起止点的像点位置获得固有像移,建立该固有像移的函数拟合模型,利用不同轨道参数的计算结果进行模型精度验证。根据像移对像质退化的影响,建立包含相对旋转角速度、目标张角和曝光时间的空间分辨率约束条件,利用该约束条件可计算低轨抵近成像场景下相机的极限分辨率。In order to achieve precise attitude monitoring of large-sized space debris,the spatial resolution of cameras is continuously improving.However,this improvement leads to an increasing blurring effect caused by relative motion during exposure time.It is particularly important to research on how to balance camera resolution and the issue of image blur caused by motion-induced displacement.For low earth orbit natural rendezvous imaging scenarios,changes in the camera's observational angle before and after the rendezvous lead to variations in the position and orientation of the target in the camera line of sight.The image motion generated as a result of this is referred to as intrinsic image motion in the natural rendezvous imaging scenario.This passage establishes the equation for the image plane position through the mapping relationship between the points of space target objects and their corresponding image points.The equation involves the transformation of coordinates in seven different coordinate systems.In theory,taking the derivative of this equation with respect to time yields the instantaneous velocity equation for image motion.However,due to the immense computational complexity of the matrix and numerous parameters involved(including the orbital parameters of the imaging platform and target,spatial resolution of the camera,exposure time,etc.),it is impractical to provide an exact expression for intrinsic image motion.Therefore,we obtain the image plane positions at different time points based on specific orbital and imaging parameters,calculate the intrinsic image motion within the exposure time,and then employ a data fitting method to obtain a model for the intrinsic image motion function.Through analyzing the relative radial velocity of the target with the camera and the displacement of the target along the optical axis at the rendezvous moment,it can be understood that the rotational image motion of the target around the optical axis is a primary factor in intrinsic image motion.Therefore,this intrinsic

关 键 词：像移 像面位置方程 函数拟合模型 约束条件 极限分辨率 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]