长岛毗邻海域底层鱼类和无脊椎动物群落多样性及关键种  

Diversity and Keystone Species of the Benthic Fish and Invertebrate Community in the Waters of the Changdao Archipelago

作　　者：苏程程 张琦 赵永松 李凡 韦超 单秀娟[1,4] SU Chengcheng;ZHANG Qi;ZHAO Yongsong;LI Fan;WEI Chao;SHAN Xiujuan(Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute,Yantai 264006,China;National Field Observation and Research Center for Fisheries in Changdao Waters,Yantai 265800,China;Kenli Municipal Bureau of Marine Development and Fisheries in Dongying,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、农业农村部海洋渔业与可持续发展重点实验室、山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东烟台264006 [4]山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外科学观测研究站,山东烟台265800 [5]山东省东营市垦利区海洋发展和渔业局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期82-95,共14页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT013);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2020TD01);山东省泰山学者专项(tsqn2022103135)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了解长岛毗邻海域底层鱼类和无脊椎动物的种类组成和群落多样性,筛选该海域中对生物群落具有重要调节作用的关键种,基于2021年3-12月阿氏网调查数据,研究长岛毗邻海域鱼类和无脊椎动物的种类组成、物种多样性的季节性变化及关键种的确定。结果显示,该海域共捕获鱼类38种,以温水性、底层、低值鱼类为主;无脊椎动物50种,以小型甲壳类为主。优势种组成季节变化明显,春季为日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)等,夏、秋季以矛尾[鱼叚]虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、口虾蛄等为主,冬季仅有矛尾[鱼叚]虎鱼和日本鼓虾。物种丰富度指数在夏季最高,多样性指数和物种均匀度指数在秋季最高。底层鱼类和无脊椎动物群落食物网结构存在季节性变化,其中,物种13~23个,摄食关系数量32~113个,食物网拓扑结构连结密度范围为2.46~5.65,种间关联度范围为0.18~0.28。矛尾[鱼叚]虎鱼、白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)、日本鼓虾、口虾蛄既是优势种也是关键种,关键种具有多样化、小型化的特点。当食物网去除关键种后,连接稳健性和摄食关系数量呈显著降低趋势,表明关键种在维持食物网稳健性方面发挥重要作用。春季关键捕食者为口虾蛄,扁玉螺(Glossaulax didyma)为关键饵料种,矛尾[鱼叚]虎鱼和日本鼓虾是关键中间种;夏季关键捕食者增加了白姑鱼和许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii),日本鼓虾转变为关键饵料种;在冬季,关键捕食者由口虾蛄、白姑鱼更替为矛尾[鱼叚]虎鱼,日本鼓虾由关键饵料种类更替为关键中间种;关键种生态位更替导致底层食物网拓扑结构简单化发展,一定程度上加剧了长岛毗邻海域底层生物群落结构的脆弱性。The waters of the Changdao Archipelago are located at the confluence of the Yellow and Bohai seas,which have high species diversity and spatial and temporal heterogeneity.This area is an important route for migratory fish and macroinvertebrates to enter the Bohai Sea for spawning or to leave the Bohai Sea southward for overwintering.In recent decades,with increasing human activities,fishing pressure,and ocean pollution,the ecosystems of the Yellow and Bohai seas have become fragile with many fishery species evolving towards miniaturization and precociousness.Important fishery resources are unable to fulfill the minimum requirements during the fishing season,and the support function of the Yellow and Bohai seas is diminishing.Research on fishery species in the waters of the Changdao Archipelago is less focused on their composition,community structure,and fishery biological health evaluation.To understand the species composition and diversity of demersal fishery species in the waters of the Changdao Archipelago and to identify keystone species that play important regulatory roles in the biological community,we analyzed the biological diversity and identified the dominant species based on the Changdao Archipelago fishery resource survey data from March to December 2021.Keystone species were determined by food web topology and social network analysis,and the fishery biological health status was determined based on the 2021 survey data.A total of 38 species of fish(mainly warm-water,demersal,and low-value fish)and 50 species of invertebrates(mainly small crustaceans)were caught in the area.There were obvious seasonal variations in the composition of the dominant species,with invertebrates,such as Alpheus japonicus and Oratosquilla oratoria,dominating in the spring,Chaeturichthys stigmatias and O.oratoria in the summer and autumn,and only A.japonicus and C.stigmatias in the winter.The species Margalef richness index(R)was highest in the summer,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H´)and Pielou evenness index(J´)wer

关 键 词：群落结构 关键种 多样性 长岛毗邻海域 稳健性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]