团头鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)杂交三倍体的生长性能及形态分析  

Growth Performance and Morphological Analysis of Triploids of Megalobrama amblycephala(♀)×Culter alburnus(♂)

作　　者：张亮华 贾橙钰 许文雅 徐文婧 郑国栋[1] 邹曙明[1] ZHANG Lianghua;JIA Chengyu;XU Wenya;XU Wenjing;ZHENG Guodong;ZOU Shuming(Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Eduction,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学、农业农村部团头鲂遗传育种中心、农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室、水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期134-143,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2022-02-08-00-12-F01179);上海高校青年教师培养资助计划重点项目(A1-2007-23-000203);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2400602);上海海洋大学青年教师科研启动经费(A2-2006-22-200305)共同资助。

摘　　要：鲂鲌(Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Culter alburnus♂)三倍体因性腺不发育或败育而将更多能量用于生长,因为不育可以保持F1代的杂种优势而避免继续繁殖造成的种质衰退,同时具备生态安全性,因此,鲂鲌三倍体具有优越的“生长优势”或“经济性状”。为了解鲂鲌三倍体的生长情况与形态特征,本研究运用静水压技术对团头鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)杂交受精卵进行三倍体化诱导,获得了诱导成功的鲂鲌三倍体群体(hybrid-3n)与未诱导成功的鲂鲌二倍体群体(hybrid-2n),并构建团头鲂(MA)和翘嘴鲌(CA)2个自交群体,通过生长对比实验比较分析了4个群体鱼的生长性能及形态差异。结果显示,在210 d生长周期内,鲂鲌三倍体绝对增重率[(0.88±0.11)g/d]比二倍体提高8.64%,较MA提高20.55%,较CA提高120.00%。可数性状上,鲂鲌三倍体和二倍体杂种指数平均值分别为41.05和36.07,都略偏向于母本团头鲂。可量性状上,鲂鲌三倍体杂种指数平均值为36.73,略偏向于母本团头鲂;鲂鲌二倍体杂种指数平均值为57.57,略偏向于父本翘嘴鲌。聚类分析显示,鲂鲌三倍体首先和二倍体聚在一起归为一类,然后再与母本团头鲂聚为一支,最后再与父本翘嘴鲌聚在一起。判别分析显示,对鲂鲌三倍体的判别准确率为90%,对4个群体的综合判别率达95%。主成分分析共得到累计贡献率达75.10%的4个主成分,主要体现了鱼体高和躯干的形态变异。综合分析表明,鲂鲌三倍体具有较快的生长速度,具备在生产上推广应用的基础条件;鲂鲌三倍体与二倍体体型均介于双亲之间,都略偏向于母本,主要体现了鱼体高和躯干的形态变异。研究结果对鲂鲌杂交后代种群鉴定、倍性育种具有重要意义。Megalobrama amblycephala,which belongs to the genus Megalobrama of the subfamily Culterinae in the family Cyprinidae,is an important freshwater cultured species in China because of its low culture cost and high growth rate.Culter alburnus,belonging to the subfamily Culter,is another slender carnivorous species,whose meat is more delicate and delicious than that of M.amblycephala;however,the scales of C.alburnus are small and thin and are easily injured and fall off,and these fish are slow-growing and expensive to feed.Although both the fish are quite different in terms of diet,growth,and stress resistance,they are highly complementary to each other.Crossbreeding can combine the desired characteristics of both parents;however,this advantage is usually limited to the F1 generation.Theoretically,because the gonads are almost undeveloped during triploid growth and development,F1 heterosis can be maintained to avoid germplasm decline caused by continuous reproduction,and energy can be saved to accelerate growth and improve muscle quality.This will greatly expand the breeding space of new hybrid varieties and ensure high economic,social,and ecological value.Therefore,the triploids of M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂have superior growth and economic value.To understand the growth and morphological characteristics of the triploids of M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂,the triploid population of M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnu♂was induced by hydrostatic pressure,and successfully induced triploid(hybrid-3n)and uninduced diploid(hybrid-2n)populations were obtained.At the same time,two self-breeding populations of Megalobrama(MA)and Culter(CA)were established.The growth performance and morphological characteristics of the four kinds of fish were compared and analyzed in growth contrast experiments.The results showed that during the 210-day growth cycle,the absolute weight gain(0.88±0.11 g/day)of hybrid-3n was 8.64%higher than that of hybrid-2n,20.55%higher than that of MA,and 120.00%higher than that of CA.In terms of countable

关 键 词：鲂鲌杂交 三倍体 生长速度 形态特征 多元统计 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]