凡纳对虾核心育种群生长和抗WSSV性状的遗传参数估计  

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and Survival Traits of Penaeus vannamei During White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection

作　　者：和怡婧 李旭鹏[1,2] 栾生 孔杰[1,2] 曹宝祥 罗坤[1] 谭建 曹家旺[1] 陈宝龙[1] 代平 邢群 刘绵宇[1] 强光峰[1] 刘杨 隋娟 孟宪红 HE Yijing;LI Xupeng;LUAN Sheng;KONG Jie;CAO Baoxiang;LUO Kun;TAN Jian;CAO Jiawang;CHEN Baolong;DAI Ping;XING Qun;LIU Mianyu;QIANG Guangfeng;LIU Yang;SUI Juan;MENG Xianhong(State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;BLUP Aquabreed Co,Ltd.Weifang 261312,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [4]邦普种业科技有限公司,山东潍坊261312

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期155-164,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48);国家自然科学基金(32172960);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD26)共同资助。

摘　　要：为开展凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)生长和白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)抗性复合选育,本研究以凡纳对虾59个核心育种群家系1770尾77~94日龄的个体为实验材料,利用两性状动物模型、公母畜阈值模型,评估在WSSV感染情况下凡纳对虾体长、抗WSSV存活时间和家系WSSV半致死存活率的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示,凡纳对虾体长、抗WSSV存活时间和家系WSSV半致死存活率遗传力估计值分别为0.17±0.05、0.18±0.05和0.14±0.05,均属于中等遗传力水平,且均与0差异极显著(P<0.01)。凡纳对虾体长与抗WSSV存活时间性状的遗传相关系数为0.15±0.20,与家系WSSV半致死存活率性状的遗传相关系数为0.25±0.22,上述遗传相关与0差异不显著(P>0.05);抗WSSV存活时间性状与家系WSSV半致死存活率性状的遗传相关系数为0.96±0.03,遗传相关与1差异不显著(P>0.05),为高度正相关。结果表明,在该育种群体中,凡纳对虾生长与WSSV抗性可根据育种需要,通过赋值制定综合选择指数,进行多性状复合选育。此外,为优化每代育种的操作过程,可选用家系WSSV半致死存活率作为WSSV抗性的指标性状。本研究为开展凡纳对虾生长和WSSV抗性优良品种的选育提供了基础数据和理论支撑。Penaeus vannamei,also known as white foot shrimp,is globally one of the three high-yield shrimp farming varieties.The wild species is found along the Pacific coast of South America.Since 1988,China has introduced P.vannamei.Due to its strong environmental adaptability,high feed conversion rate,fast growth rate,and high tolerance to ammonia nitrogen and nitrite,it has been widely promoted in aquaculture.By 2021,the aquaculture output of P.vannamei in China reached 1.977 million tons,accounting for approximately 37%of the world’s total production,and has extremely high economic value.Growth traits are among the most important economic factors in the production of P.vannamei.With the intensive development of shrimp farming and degradation of germplasm,the white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)is a serious disease faced by the global shrimp industry.The infection can cause symptoms such as reduced food intake,enlarged liver and pancreas,pale red body color,and white spots on the head and chest armor in shrimp,resulting in widespread death.At present,China has cultivated 12 new varieties of P.vannamei,which to some extent alleviates its dependence on imports for high-quality P.vannamei.However,the excellent traits of domestic shrimp species are singular,and cultivating new varieties of P.vannamei with fast growth and strong disease resistance is an urgent demand in the market.Genetic parameter evaluation is the fundamental work of selection breeding.Heritability reflects the genetic variation in traits in the breeding population,which is of great significance in the development of a selection index,prediction of selection response,comparison of selection methods,selection breeding planning,and other breeding processes.There are different degrees of genetic correlation among various quantitative traits of shrimp,and genetic correlation coefficients are important for selecting target traits.The estimation of genetic correlation can be used to develop a comprehensive selection index and breeding program of multiple traits,whi

关 键 词：凡纳对虾 遗传参数 生长 存活 WSSV 

分 类 号：S603.2[农业科学—园艺学]